141. The following appeared in a memo to the board of the Grandview Symphony.
"The city of Grandview has provided annual funding for the Grandview Symphony since the symphony's inception ten years ago. Last year the symphony hired an internationally known conductor, who has been able to attract high-profile guest musicians to perform with the symphony. Since then, private contributions to the symphony have doubled and attendance at the symphony's concerts-in-the-park series has reached new highs. Now that the Grandview Symphony is an established success, it can raise ticket prices. Increased revenue from larger audiences and higher ticket prices will enable the symphony to succeed without funding from the city government."
下面这段文字出自写给Grandview交响乐团董事会的备忘录。
Grandview市自从Grandview交响乐队十年前成立以来每年都提供资助。去年乐队聘请了国际著名指挥家，他吸引了非常有声望的客座音乐家来乐队表演。从此，私人援助翻了一番，公园系列音乐会的观众数量创下了新高。既然乐队已经获得了成功，它就可以提高票价了。更多的观众和更高的票价将会保证乐团在没有政府资助的情况下仍然能够成功。
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
142. Hospital statistics regarding people who go to the emergency room after roller-skating accidents indicate the need for more protective equipment. Within that group of people, 75 percent of those who had accidents in streets or parking lots had not been wearing any protective clothing (helmets, knee pads, etc.) or any light-reflecting material (clip-on lights, glow-in-the-dark wrist pads, etc.). Clearly, the statistics indicate that by investing in high-quality protective gear and reflective equipment, roller skaters will greatly reduce their risk of being severely injured in an accident.
医院对由于滑旱冰发生意外进急救室的人的调查数据表明滑旱冰需要采取更多的保护措施。这些人中75%在街上或停车场发生意外时没有穿任何防护性衣物(头盔、护膝等)或反光材质的东西(夹式灯、夜光护腕等)。显然，这些数据显身手，通过发明高质量的防护装置和反光性装备，人们在滑旱冰时严重受伤的风险将会大大降低。
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
143. The following appeared in a memo from a budget planner for the city of Grandview.
"When the Grandview Symphony was established ten years ago, the city of Grandview agreed to provide the symphony with annual funding until the symphony became self-sustaining. Two years ago, the symphony hired an internationally known conductor, who has been able to attract high-profile guest musicians to perform with the symphony. Since then, private contributions to the symphony have tripled and attendance at the symphony's outdoor summer concert series has reached record highs. Now that the symphony has succeeded in finding an audience, the city can eliminate its funding of the symphony."
下面这段文字出自Grandview市预算规划部门的备忘录。
Grandview交响乐队十年前成立时，Grandview市同意每年都提供资助一直到它能够独立运营。两年前，乐队聘请了国际著名指挥家，他吸引了非常有声望的客座音乐家来乐队表演。从此，私人援助是以前的三倍，公园系列音乐会的观众数量创下了新高。既然乐队已经成功地找到了观众，政府可以停止对乐队的资助了。
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
144. The citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyles. Their responses to a recent survey show that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations than they did ten years ago. Furthermore, there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran, a substance that a scientific study has shown reduces cholesterol. This trend is also evident in reduced sales of sulia, a food that few of the healthiest citizens regularly eat.
Forsythe的居选择了更健康的生活方式。他们对于最近一项调查的回答显示，他们的饮食习惯比十年前更加贴近政府的营养建议。而且，含有kiran的食品销量增长了四倍，在一次科学研究中发现kiran是一种能够降低胆固醇水平的物质。这种趋势同样也被sulia的销量下降所证实，sulia是那些最健康的居极少经常食用的食品。
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
145. The following appeared in a memo to the board of directors of a company that specializes in the delivery of heating oil.
"Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters are typically cold, have traditionally used oil as their major fuel for heating. Last heating season, that region experienced 90 days with below-normal temperatures, and climate forecasters predict that this weather pattern will continue for several more years. Furthermore, many new homes are being built in the region in response to recent population growth. Because of these trends, we can safely predict that this region will experience an increased demand for heating oil during the next five years."
下面这段文字出自一家专营取暖用油的公司董事会的备忘录。
在冬季普遍甚为寒冷的美国东北部，大多数家庭的传统是用油作为主要燃料来取暖。上个取暖季，有90天的气温低于正常值，而且天气预报说这种天气将会持续好几年。此外，由于近些年来的人口增长，在此地区又新建了很多房子。鉴于这些原因，我们预计今后五年这个地区取暖用油的需求将会增长。
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.