考生在备考
The following memo appeared in the newsletter of the West Meria Public Health Council.
"An innovative treatment has come to our attention that promises to significantly reduce absenteeism in our schools and workplaces. A study reports that in nearby East Meria, where fish consumption is very high, people visit the doctor only once or twice per year for the treatment of colds. This shows that eating a substantial amount of fish can clearly prevent colds. Furthermore, since colds are the reason most frequently given for absences from school and work, attendance levels will improve. Therefore, we recommend the daily use of a nutritional supplement derived from fish oil as a good way to prevent colds and lower absenteeism."
以下报告出自West Meria公共卫生委员会的简讯。
我们发现一种可以显著减少学校和单位缺勤率的创新疗法。一项研究报告表明，在附近的East Meria，鱼的消费量很高，那里的人们每年因为感冒去看医生的次数只有一或两次。显然，吃较大量的鱼可以预防感冒。由于感冒是缺勤的最常见原因，我们建议每天服用Ichthaid，一种从鱼油中提炼的营养物质，作为预防感冒和降低缺勤率的有效措施。
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
167. The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Alta Manufacturing.
"During the past year, Alta Manufacturing had thirty percent more on-the-job accidents than nearby Panoply Industries, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts believe that a significant contributing factor in many accidents is fatigue caused by sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Alta, we recommend shortening each of our three work shifts by one hour. If we do this, our employees will get adequate amounts of sleep."
去年，Alta Manufacturing的工伤事故比邻近的Panoply工厂多30%，Panoply的每班工作时间比Alta Manufacturing的短一个小时。专家认为导致很多工伤事故的重要因素是工人的疲劳和睡眠不足。因此，为了减少Alta的工伤事故，我们建议三班中每个班次的工作时间都减少一小时。如果我们这样做，我们的雇员将有更充足的睡眠。
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
168. The following is a letter that recently appeared in the Oak City Gazette, a local newspaper.
"The primary function of the Committee for a Better Oak City is to advise the city government on how to make the best use of the city's limited budget. However, at some of our recent meetings we failed to make important decisions because of the foolish objections raised by committee members who are not even residents of Oak City. People who work in Oak City but who live elsewhere cannot fully understand the business and politics of the city. After all, only Oak City residents pay city taxes, and therefore only residents understand how that money could best be used to improve the city. We recommend, then, that the Committee for a Better Oak City vote to restrict its membership to city residents only. We predict that, without the interference of non-residents, the committee will be able to make Oak City a better place in which to live and work."
下面是最近出现在本地报纸Oak City Gazette上的一封信。
Oak City市俱乐部的主要功能是给市政府提出建议如何最有效的使用市里有限的预算。然而，在最近一些会议上，由于非Oak City本市居民的委员提出了一些愚蠢的反对意见，我们没能做出重要的决定。那些在Oak 。毕竟，只有本市居民是纳税人，只有他们了解那些钱如何能更好的用于城市发展。因此，我们建议Committee for a Better Oak City应该把成员资格限制在本市居民。我们认为，没有非本市居民的干预，委员会能让Oak City变的更加适合居住和工作。
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.