拥有17年教学经验的薛鹏老师于12月31日做客
小鹏哥雅思写作课：2015雅思写作备考策略及考情展望
一、雅思写作评分标准
雅思写作如何评分的?薛鹏老师指出，考官在给一篇文章打分的时候，主要看以下四点：
1、文章对任务的回应是否正确，也就是文章是否跑题;
2、文章表达的连贯与衔接度;
3、语言表达是否丰富而精彩，体现作者掌握的词汇资源;
4、句子表达是否有变化，语法结构的范围和准确性。
二、
根据雅思写作的评分要求，同学们在写作文的时候一定要注意以下几点：以题目为中心，正确回答题目问题;合理布局文章结构，表达清晰明了;用词要精准多样;句型多样，语法结构正确等等。
1、
以题目为中心就是要明确回答问题和充分论证问题：
(1)明确回答问题：即你的论证须涵盖题目的所有要求，文章立场要力求清晰。
(2)充分论证问题：要用例证法，反证法，再解释等写作手段去支持主题论点或者反驳不支持的观点。在近期的雅思作文中，题目总越来越多的要求用例证去支持观点，这就要求烤鸭有意识的分类整理各个写作话题的例证。
雅思写作最参见的提问角度有四种：
(1) what are its causes and what measures should be taken to solve it? (分析问题解决问题)
(2) discuss both views and give your opinion ?(平衡两边写)
(3)to what extent do you agree or disagree? (是否同意观点) .
(4)discuss advantages and disadvantages(利弊讨论)
案例1:
题目
•Housing shortage in big cities can cause severe consequence, some people think that only the government can solve the problems. To what extent do you agree or not?大城市的住房短缺可以引起严重的后果，有人说只有政府才能解决这个问题，是否同意?
思考:是否只有政府才能解决住房短缺
解析：该题目中有关键性的信息词only, 这个表示绝对性的词汇过于武断，很难令人信服，但是该观点又有其合理成分。综上分析，文章推荐首段尾句写作如下：
As I see it, there is an element of truth in this opinion, yet it is not completely true. This essay aims to explore the roles that governments play in the process of resolving housing shortage and explore other means available.
另外，烤鸭要留意的是论证的过程不可以偷换概念。
案例2：
例如：More working people are busy with work and have no time to spend with their families and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects on family life and society as a whole? 人们忙于工作，没有时间和家人和朋友分分享，原因和何在，对于家庭和社会的影响?
充分论证问题就是要用例证，反证，再解释等写作手段去支持主题论点或者反驳不支持的观点。
例如：Today，more and more developing countries are expanding tourist industry. Why is the case? Do you regard as positive or negative? 现今，很多国家发展旅游业的原因，你认为有利还是有不弊?
解析：分析该题目，推荐的写作思路是谈及发展旅游业的原因，在分别论证其利好和弊端，作者的观点应以支持为主，对于弊端可以提出建议的解决途径。
现今，很多国家发展旅游业的原因，你认为有利还是有不弊?
思考：
哪些国家依赖旅游业的繁荣
旅游业对于国家的利好有哪些
发展旅游业的最显著的利好就是能够创造经济价值。南非就是很好的例子，过去的南非落后贫穷，旅游业的发展使得南非成为最有前景和惹眼的旅游地之一。当游客观光游览之时，会购物，就餐，住宿等，因此旅游业的繁荣刺激了国民经济，增加了税收。
The most striking merit of boosting tourism is that it could generate immense economic value. South Africa could serve as a perfect example, which used to poverty-stricken and behind place. As tourism booms, it now becomes one of the most promising and eye-catching scenic spots. When tourists do their sightseeing, they will buy local souvenirs, dine in restaurants and seek accommodations, hence, the prosperity of tourism spurs national economy and multiplies tax revenue.
薛鹏2015年雅思写作考试周报系列直播课
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2、
雅思写作的第二项评分标准为Coherence and cohesion(内容连贯与篇章衔接)。
其实，无论是英语写作还是汉语写作，都讲究一个谋篇布局的逻辑清晰， 都讲究一个论证过程的起承转合。
雅思写作常见的写作思路有：
(1) 分析问题解决问题(政府工作报告类写作文体)
(2)讨论利弊
(3) 针对观点类提问让步反驳(你在多大程度上同意原题观点)
(4)两种观点讨论(平衡分析)
现在以让步反驳来举例：
案例1：
题目：
Some people think that maintaining public libraries is a waste of time because computer technologies have already replaced its function? To what extent do you agree or disagree? 有人认为计算机科技已经取代了图书馆的功能是否同意?
宏观布局：
首段： 背景介绍(个性开篇) + 有待反驳的观点(他人口吻) + 写作意图(明确表达不完全支持)
二段： 有待反驳的观点及其合理性 (最多两点，可以例证)
三段： 反驳对方观点 + 提出自己的观点 (三点反驳)
尾段： 让步对方观点的合理性，强调我方观点。
案例2：
翻译：
然而，任何情况下我们都不能忽视图书馆的巨大价值，首先，尽管很容易得到和使用电子书籍，很多人难以改变根深蒂固的在图书馆中阅读的习惯。第二，图书馆是交流和休闲的好去处，例如很多退休老人和年轻人都把去图书馆当成了享乐。第三，一个藏书丰富的图书馆是名校和文明城市的象征。电子阅读永远不能营造图书馆的良好的学习氛围。
Yet, on no account can we lose sight of the immense value of libraries. First, although it is easy to acquire and utilize e-books, it is far from easy, for millions of people, to change their deeply-rooted habits of reading in libraries. Still， libraries could serve the function of communication and entertainment. A case in point is that many retired men and young adults like to pay a visit to library for recreation. Last, a good library with large collection of books is the symbol of top university as well as civilized city. The ideal academic atmosphere created by libraries can never be matched by e-reading.
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3、
雅思写作高分密码原则三：词汇为亮点
遣词造句是行文的基石。言之无文，行而不远。
雅思写作好比盖楼房，再好的图纸也要靠优良的建筑材料才能筑起高楼，词语就如同建造大厦时的砖瓦。
语言是思想的载体，有文采的表达可以让文章在思想不变的情况下卓尔不群。
设想考官通篇看到的都是基础词汇和口语词汇(good, bad, important, a lot of, I think)难免会有审美疲劳，惯性地打出一个平均分。
因此，高分密码的第三项为词汇为亮点。雅思写作用词原则有三，精准性，丰富性，独特性。汉语和英语写作都讲究一个达义，词本无意，意由语生。 用词第一原则就是选择最贴近语境的词汇
undermine one’s health v有害健康
解析：undermine v逐渐损害的含义
cripple the economy v破坏经济
解析：cripple v有严重削弱的含义
ruin the environment v破坏环境
解析：ruin v破坏环境，大量用于学术文章
雅思写作用词的第二原则是避免词穷，积累相关语义场。
在剑桥7册勤奋和天赋的范文中，作者就用innate talent = talent that are inherited via genes = nature = natural talent 来代替了题目指令中的people are born with certain talents.
雅思写作词汇原则之用法多变：
例如：
在表达贫困的时候，不仅是poor 唯一的表达;
推荐单词：
needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken
推荐短语
live in extreme poverty 极度贫困
suffer from poverty 遭遇贫困
come from humble background 出身寒门
句型为基础：应用多样的灵活的写作句型
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4、雅思写作高分密码原则四：
(语法范围与精确性)即看在句子和结构的选择上是否多样化，语法是否准确。雅思写作是规定时间内的写作，题库又浩如烟海。快速流利的写作唯有靠储备多样的写作样句式因此，高分密码的第四项为句型为基础。建议烤鸭准备文章开头结尾及起承转合的基本句型，准备表达赞成或反对;解释或者解决的精彩句型。
1)背景介绍：
•There is an increasing tendency in today’s campus that many college undergraduates would only opt for courses that appeal to them. (选课话题：大学是要教授学校规定的课程，还是学生感兴趣的课程)
2)争议焦点：
•Perhaps no issue has led to such endless debate as to whether or not students should be sent to boarding schools. (教育话题：孩子们应不应该读寄宿学校)
3)亮明观点：
•Although animal experimentation sounds appealing to some extent, I still strongly frown on this proposal. (动物话题：小动物试验是否合理)
4)支持观点：
•Granted, millions of merits could be gained via having a break from academic study after finishing high school. (教育话题：间隔年)
5)反对观点：
•Nevertheless, under no circumstances should we turn a blind eye to the underlying drawbacks triggered by imposing restrictions on aviation. (交通能源类：是否应该限制飞机旅行)
6)提出例证：
•From our own school experience, it is easy to find plenty of evidence to support the view that many seemingly ungifted children could be instructed to be fluent speakers of English with continued teaching and guided practice.(教育类: 没有语言天赋的孩子要不要学习外语)
例如，在剑桥七册7.5分的是否支持固定刑罚的范文中，作者开篇就用到了备好模板句型.
•Fixing punishments for each type of crime has been a debatable issue. There are many arguments supporting both views, those for and those against fixed punishments.可见，模板句型可以使文章思路清晰，字数饱满。以大多中国考生的水平，还很难做到在考场上随心所欲的传情达意。
7)反证对比：
•A young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of mental horizons and knowledge scope. On quite the contrary, it is self-travel and working experiences that forge one’s fortitude as well as mature one’s thought. (教育类：间隔年)
8)总结观点：
•In light of above-mentioned arguments, one may easily concludes that it exerts positive impacts on students’ personality when living on campus, while its potential demerits should be emphasized and resolved. (教育话题：孩子们该不该读寄宿学校)
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