今天小编为大家整理的是关于
标点的规范摘抄自《美国大学英语写作》第六版。如果你不是时间很多可以不用买，看了我的博客有什么问题给我留言，我们一起把这些条条框框学会。
一、撇号Apostrophe
1. 用来表示省略，比如：I’m I’ve I’d
需要注意的是，will not缩写成won’t，属于一个特殊的形式。另一点，更为重要，就是在书面语种，尽量不要使用缩写形式。
2. 表示所有关系
表示诸如：belongs to, possessed by, owned by, and of
用撇号表示所属关系是最为简便快捷的(quickest and easiest)，这对英语，尤其是美式英语来说非常重要。
3. 如果是单数以-s结尾的词，所属形式是-‘s，比如：Doris’s。但是如果是以-s结尾的复数，则直接加-‘，例如：parents’。
二、引号 Quotation Marks
1. 用来引用某人说的话或者作者说的话。
例如：
“I feel as though I’ve been here before,” Annie murmured to her husband. (注意，引号结束前没有用句号。)
Ben Franklin once wrote, “To lengthen thy life, lessen thy meals.”
(注意，引号开始要大写。)
“Did you know,” said the nutrition expert, “that it’s healthier to be ten pounds overweight?” (注意，在引用的过程中没有使用冒号，这是同中文标点不同的地方。)
The biology professor said, “Ants are a lot like human beings. They farm their own food and raise smaller insects as livestock. And, like humans, ants end armies to war.”(注意，这个例句里面有了句号。逗号和句号的选择不受引号存在的影响，只要在引用过程中没有其他内容插入，则不需要启用新的引号。)
注意：引用是以逗号开始的，而不是冒号。在引用结束的时候的逗号和句号都放在引号之内。
- Every quotation begins with a capital letter.
引号开头要大写
- When a quotation is split, the second part does not begin with a capital letter unless it is a new sentence.
如果是第二部分引号，除非是新的一句话，否则不需要大写。
- Commas are used to separate the quoted part of a sentence from the rest of the sentence.
被引号分割的句子用逗号标志。
- Commas and periods that come at the end of quotation to inside the quotation marks.
逗号和句号要置于引号内部。
间接引语
标志词是that
例如：
直接引语：
The nurse said, “Some babies cannot tolerate cows’ milk.”
间接引语：
The nurse said that some babies cannot tolerate cows’ milk.
2. 用于标出短篇作品的名称
对于如下题目，需要加下划线：
Title of books, newspapers, magazines, plays, movies, CDs, and television shows
(如在印刷体中，则使用斜体字)
但是短篇如下，需要双引号标志：
Articles in books, newspapers or magazines; chapters in a book; short stories; poems; and songs
The essay “On Self-Respect” in the book Slouching Towards Bethlehem
The essay “On Self-Respect” in the book Slouching Towards Bethlehem
3. 表示对特殊词或词组的引用
In grade school, we were taught a little jingle about the spelling rule “i before e.”
(注意，句号放在了引号之内。)
What is the difference between “it's” and “its”?
(注意，问好放在了引号之外。)
4. 单引号用于引号之内的引用
The physics professor said, “For class on Friday, do the problems at the end of the chapter titled ‘Work and Energy.’”
(注意，句号放在了两层引号之内。)
四 冒号 Colon
用在一个完整的句子结束，用于引出清单、长引语和解释。
1 List:
例如
The store will close at noon on the following dates: November 26, December 24, and December 31.
2 Long Quotation:
In his book Life Lines, Forrest Church maintains that people should cry more: “Life is difficult. Some people pretend that it is not, that we should be able to breeze through. Yet hardly a week passes in which most of us don’t have something worth crying about. ”
3 Explanation:
Here’s a temporary solution to a dripping faucet: Tie a string to it, and let the drops slide down the string to the sink.
五 分号 Semicolon
1 用来分隔两个单独的句子，有时可以看作是句号
例如
Lonnie heard a noise and looked out the window; the only thing there was his reflection.
He checked on the new baby every five minutes; he was afraid something would happen to her.
Lizards become sluggish at night; they need the sun’s warmth to maintain an active body temperature.
The large dog was growling at me; there were white bubbles of foam around its mouth.
We knew a power failure had occurred; all the clocks in the building were forty-seven minutes slow.
2 用来分隔列举的个体(在个体内部使用逗号的时候)。
例如：
Maya’s children are named Melantha, which means “black flower;” Yomina, which means “dove:” and Cynthia, which means “moon goddess.”(注意，标点在引号里面哦)
My parents’ favorite albums are Rubber Soul, by the Beatles; Songs in the key of life, by Stevie Wonder; and Bridge over Trouble Water, by Simon and Garfunkel.
六 破折号 Dash
破折号是长度介于逗号和句号之间的停顿，用来引出生动具体的表述。
例如：
I was so exhausted that I fell asleep within seconds – standing up.
He has many good qualities – sincerity, honesty, and thoughtfulness – yet he had few friends.
The pardon form the governor finally arrived – too late.
注意：
打破这号的方法是“空格”+两个“-”+空格，如果手写的话是两个字母的长度。
七 圆括号 Parentheses
圆括号用来解释说明。
例如：
In 1913, the tax on an annual income of $4,000 (a comfortable wage at that time) was one penny.
Arthur C. Clarke, author of science fiction books (including 2001: A Space Odyssey), was inspired as a young man by the magazine Astounding Stories.
八 连字符 Hyphen
1 用来把两个以上的单词连在一起，组成新的单词
例如：
The light-footed burglar silently slipped open the sliding glass door.
While being interviewed on the late-night talk show, the quarterback announced his intention to retire.
With a needle, Rich punctured the fluid-filled blister on his toe.
2 用来连接因为换行而中断的单词，注意，一定要按音节分，而且尽量避免这种现象。
例如：
Selena’s first year at college was a time filled with numerous new pres-
sures and responsibilities.
注意：
1 英文里面没有顿号，不要问我顿号怎么打出来。
2 无论打印还是手写，都要先加标点再有空格。
以上就是小编整理的精彩内容托福写作进阶：标点符号一文，希望可以帮助托福考生，更多精彩内容尽在，预祝托福考生取得理想成绩!