5分标准:
A response at this level: successfully selects the important information from the lecture; and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading; well organized; occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.
4分标准:
A response at this level: is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information in relation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.
3分标准:
A response at this level: contains some important information from the lecture and conveys some relevant connection to the reading, but it is marked by one or more of the following: Although the overall response is definitely oriented to the task, it conveys only vague, global, unclear or somewhat imprecise connection of the points made in the lecture to points made in the reading; may omit one major key point made in the lecture. Some key points made in the lecture or the reading, or connections between the two, may be incomplete, inaccurate, or imprecise. Errors of usage and/or grammar may be more frequent or may result in noticeably vague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and connections.
通过分析我们可以清晰地看到,新托福写作的评分主要从以下三方面进行评估。
1.内容:很多考生问我,综合写作要想拿高分,到底什么最重要?笔者给出的答案一定是内容的完整性和精准性。我们可以看到,5分标准在内容上一点折扣都不能打,必须完整又正确地写出听力部分的所有细节,并且要把听力和阅读的逻辑关系理清。4分文章要求稍微低一些,但仍需要将听力中的内容较大程度地呈现到文章中,可以有一些细节上的问题,比如内容细微的遗漏、模糊不清、不完全精准等。3分的要求就更低了,换言之内容上欠缺的更多,如听力反驳阅读的三个点中,有一个大点完全没有听到或听懂,文章中的信息大多是不准确的、不完整的、不细致的。
2.结构:综合写作的结构从大方向上来说是没有问题和难度的,一般采用4段式,第一段Introduction, 接下来三段分别写出听力反驳阅读的三个方面。那么难度在哪里呢?考生务必要有的意识是段落和段落之间的过度和衔接是否有了,是否有效,是否正确,是否容易让人理解。这就需要考生把连接词提前准备好,句和句之间是什么关系就把相应的连接词用上去。笔者在课堂上会一再告知学生,不要让考官去理解你的句和句、段落和段落之间是什么关系,而需要考生用文章中的词去提示考官。如果考官觉得这篇文章行文结构都很顺畅,不难理解,那么分数是不会低的。
3.语言:从以上评分标准可以看出,5分的文章并非完美,可以存在一些语言上的小错,只要这些小错不影响读者的阅读即可。根据笔者的经验,5分标准中的小错就是指由于粗心或者打字速度快造成的打字错误,具体包括词汇拼写错误,第三人称单数问题,名词单复数等。考官也是人性化的,在20分钟的时间内打出一篇280字左右的文章(官方要求150-225,但笔者一般要求考生能写到250-280,这样才能拿到更高的分数),总有可能会有一些无伤大雅的小错。4分的文章从语言上来看,小错要比5分更频繁,更明显,但仍然要求是不能影响读者的理解。至于3分,个人认为基础好一些的学生在语言上是不会沦落到这个级别的,因为它的小错更多了,最糟糕的是已经影响到了读者的阅读,让读者不知道该考生想要表达什么。
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