Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.
TPO3综合写作听力部分
Professor:
Everything you just read about "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it's indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.
First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasn't part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.
Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original could be seen, in the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates part of the woman's face. That's why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we would expect from Rembrandt.
Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his "Self-portrait with a Hat".
我们综合阅读和听力的内容会发现TPO3这题主要考察了关于一幅人物画究竟是不是Rembrandt的作品的探讨，阅读部分从三方面给出理由认为画作并非出自Rembrandt之手，而听力部分则根据阅读部分的三方面理由各个击破反驳了阅读的观点，认为这幅画作就是出自Rembrandt之手。明晰了阅读和听力的主要观点我们就可以开始写作了，注意不要只是把阅读和听力的观点和论据空洞罗列，一定要在自己的综合写作文章中让这两者得到细节对应。下面我们来看一个比较不错的TPO3托福综合写作范文。
The article presents three arguments why a painting of an old lady was not created by Rembrandt, all of which, according to the lecture, are countered by a recent study.
First, regarding the inconsistency between the humble linen cap and the luxurious coat with the fur collar, the recent study shows that the collar was not a part of the original painting. In fact, someone perhaps added it about one hundred years later to increase the painting's value by making the lady in the picture look more aristocratic.
Second, this study also helps the lecturer explain away the seemingly ill-fitted light and shadow; once the fur collar was removed, the underneath painting displays a light-colored cloth reflecting light onto and thereby illuminating the face. Clearly, the original painting was done quite realistically.
As for the fact that the panel of the painting was made of pieces of wood glued together, which Rembrandt would not do, the study also shows that the original painting was painted on just one piece of wood. All the others were later glued onto the original to enlarge the frame and thus to make the painting more grand and more valueable. In fact, studies have shown that the original piece of wood was cut from the same tree as the panel of another of Rembrandt's painting.
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