面对
Charles Darwin's five-year tour of the Southern hemisphere on the HMS Beagle let him see the natural world in a new light,
查尔斯·达尔文搭乘小猎犬号环游南半球的五年让他用一种新的眼光看待自然世界，
helping him develop his theory of evolution by natural selection.
帮助他形成了他的进化论理论。
But it didn't provide any insights into a much more personal mystery: what made him so ill.
但是却未能提供洞察一个更加私人秘密的视角：是什么让他如此病重。
Darwin spent his entire life searching for relief from an endless litany of recurring symptoms.
达尔文倾其一生寻求缓解循环病症的无尽祈祷。
And while his condition improved at least somewhat towards the end of his life, he never figured out what made him so sick so often.
虽然他的病情在生命后期有所缓解，但他从未弄清楚是什么让他经常重病。
That puzzle has fascinated scientists and doctors in the decades since.
在后来的几十年中，这个谜团一直让科学家和医生们为之着迷。
They've combed over the symptoms and have come up with more than 40 different diagnoses.
他们梳理了这些病症并得出四十多种不同的诊断结果。
And while there's still no consensus, there are a couple plausible answers, most reasonable of which suggest he got an unfortunate genetic hand dealt to him by his mother.
虽然并未达成一致结论，还有很多貌似合理的答案，其中最为合理一种是他从母亲身上遗传的基因导致了这一切。
Darwin kept extensive health journals, applying the same meticulous note-taking he used in science to his own health.
达尔文大量阅读健康杂志期刊，将他对待科学严谨的笔记方法也运用到了他自己的健康之中。
The detailed documentation of his symptoms has made diagnosing his condition a common challenge in the medical community.
他对自己症状的详细文献让诊断他的病情成为了医学家的共同挑战。
But Darwin suffered from such a wide range of problems that it seems almost impossible to pinpoint a single, root cause.
但是达尔文患有各种各样的问题，似乎不可能查到一个根本原因。
For example, he was said to have a "weak stomach" because he was so quick to puke.
例如，据说他胃不好，因为他经常呕吐。
And he had bouts of fatigue that went way beyond exhaustion—he'd spend days "most terribly knocked up," as he phrased it.
并且他的几次疲劳不仅是让他精疲力竭—正如他所写，这些天是最糟糕的筋疲力尽。
But at various times in his life, he also experienced headaches, severe skin conditions, chest pains, trembling and numbness in his hands,
但是在他一生中的不同时期，他也经历了头疼、严重的皮肤病、胸痛、手部颤抖和麻木、
dizziness, shivering, visual disturbances, backaches, psychological symptoms, and more.
头晕、发抖、视觉障碍、背疼、心理症状等。
One of the earliest guesses was that his famous voyage was to blame, as he may have contracted Chagas disease—a parasitic infection spread by bug bite.
最早期猜测之一是这一切都归咎与他著名的航行，因为他或许在此航行中感染了美洲锥虫病—通过虫咬传播的寄生虫病。
But the idea has been strongly rebutted because no one else on the HMS Beagle got it,
但是这种想法被强烈反驳，因为小猎犬号上没有其他人感染了这种疾病，
and Darwin didn't show the classic physical signs of disease, like an enlarged esophagus or colon, in any of the doctor examinations he received throughout his life.
而在任何医生对达尔文的检查中并没有表现出该疾病的典型生理指标，比如食管或结肠扩大。
Also, Darwin experienced some of his symptoms before he set sail.
同样，达尔文在航行前就出现了他的这些症状。
Other doctors have proposed that his troubles were psychosomatic: physical symptoms arising from mental illness.
其他医生提议他的问题是心病：由于精神疾病而导致的身体症状。
He did have anxiety and depression, and some of his episodes coincided with periods of stress.
他确实患有焦虑和抑郁以及一些与压力周期相符的一些症状。
But many didn't, and most experts say mental illness alone can't explain all of his symptoms, especially given the severity and sheer number of problems he had.
但大部分不相符，而且多数专家表示单靠精神疾病还无法解释他的所有症状，特别是考虑到他所患疾病的严重性和绝对数量。
One diagnosis that fits pretty well is a poorly understood condition called CVS, which stands for Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome.
有一种诊断和他的症状相当符合，但人类对这种疾病知之甚少，即CVS—周期性呕吐综合征。
This is exactly as unpleasant as it sounds: sufferers experience periodically recurring bouts of severe nausea and vomiting,
就如同它听起来的那样：经历周期性的严重恶心和呕吐。
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