The reading passage concentrates on several theories about the cause of the odd “quacker” sounds heard on Russian submarines from the 1960s to the 1980s. However, in the lecture, the professor respectively points out the problems in all his assertions.
First, even though the reading passage suggests that perhaps the noises were caused by Orcas during courtship ritual, the professor argues that Orcas live in the surface of the water whereas the submarines patrolled deep in the ocean and were thus too far to hear the sounds. Besides, the if the whales were nearby, they should have been detected by the sonar.
Second, despite the statement in the reading passage that the sounds were emitted by giant squids that approached the submarines with curiosity, the professor contends that squids have always lived in the ocean and continue to live there today. Therefore it’s unlikely that their sounds disappeared after the 1980s.
Third, the author asserts that the quackers were caused by a foreign submarine while the professor claims this is not possible because submarines cannot move or change direction so quickly. In addition, due to technological limitations, no submarines are capable of such erratic movements without the giving off an engine noise which would be easily detected.
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