200个老托都在看。
名词
1things that one tries hard to doone's undertakings/
one's commitments
2The fact is that…The reality is that…
3joyhappiness/ delight/ enjoyment
4sadnesssorrow/ grief
5dangerhazard/ peril (后面这个词语气很强，
危险程度非同一般) [派生]
dangerous;hazardous
6education≈schooling (指学校教育，
家庭教育则用upbringing/ parenting)
[区分]家庭教育的两个词
upbringing是从孩子的角度说的，
比如children's upbringing;
而parenting是从家长的角度来说，
比如sensible parenting.
7advertisement/ advertising如果你写过关于广告的题目，
就一定体会过不停轮换使用
advertisement/ advertising
有多郁闷。其实主体段论证中
完全可以把广告类细化，比如
commercials(电视或者互联
网上的广告)，flyers
(传单广告，北京最常见的
形式就是“135****，办证”)，
billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者
non-profit advertisements=
public-interest advertisements
(公益广告)
8carautomobile
9economic crisiseconomic meltdown
(很接近)/recession
(这个一般仅仅还是衰退)
/the Great Depression
(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)
10famous peoplecelebrities (单数为celebrity)
11human beings(备考生使用过多)humanity(注意这个词的单
数指人类，复数指人文学科)
/the human race
12wealthfortune(s) (fortune
作财富的意思时可以加复数)
13[相关] richwealthy/ affluent (adj.)
14skill≈technique(注意这个词的
正确解释是技能或者方法，
而不是technology科技)
15[派生] skilledadept/ adroit (adj.)
16methodmethodology (国外学术
写作中超级常用的词，
基本就是method的故作高深版)
17fieldsphere/ domain/ arena
18understanding of≈ grasp of/ command of
19choiceoption
20cooperation≈collaboration
21basic structure in a city or a countryinfrastructure
22tiredness for a long timefatigue
23is a must ofis a prerequisite for
(是……的必备先决条件)
24the Internet≈the information highway
(一篇考生作文里Internet被
使用十几次是常事儿)
25honesty≈integrity
26strong belieffaith (in)
27aimintention
28worriesanxieties (是的，这两个
词的确都可以加复数)
29influenceimpact/ repercussion/
implication
30influence on each othermutual influence(类似
的表达还有mutual respect,
mutual trust和mutual
understanding/ interaction
between A and B/
interplay between A and B
31many different kinds of…a variety of…/
a wide array of…/
a wide range of…
32wrong ideas held by many peoplemisconceptions
33fameprestige/
sterling reputation
34range≈spectrum
35sense≈ recognition
36partcomponent
(这个词不仅指零件，
在学术写作中也经常指“部分”)
37wise[相关] sensible (adj.)
38gapdisparity
39a system for a particular purpose≈ a mechanism for…
40a solution to sth.a remedy for sth.
(生活中经常指一种病
的治疗方法，但学术写作
中经常用来指某种问题的
解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同)
41bad students≈ unruly students/
disruptive students
42bad behaviorunethical behavior/
immoral behavior
43organizations that help poor peoplecharities/
charitable organizations
44differencedistinction
45[派生] be different frombe distinct from (adj.)
46personindividual
47personality≈ disposition
48businessesenterprises(这里指企业)
49prices that are too highexorbitant prices
50the rate of…the incidence of…
(后面一般跟坏事儿，
比如unemployment/
crime/ a disease)
51intense enthusiasmzeal/ passion
52cultural globalization(有过多人使用这个词)global cultural
homogenization
53a thing that is necessarya necessity
54a thing that is new and interestinga novelty
55a thing that is rarea rarity
56things that people are not sure aboutuncertainties
57a world languagea universal language
58friendscompanions
59relaxation≈ recreation
60self-respect≈ self-esteem and dignity
61respect sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard
62[反义] look down on…treat … with
contempt = despise (v.)
63self-controlself-discipline
64criminalconvict
65prisonerinmate
66drinks≈ alcoholic beverages
67people who walk on the streetpedestrians
68old generations in historyancestors
69a person who benefits from sth.a beneficiary of sth.
70a disease that spreads quicklyan epidemic
(注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾，
却不是形容词)
71a very unpleasant way of lifemisery
72a task that requires lots of effortan arduous task
73emotion≈ sentiment
74enemy≈ opponent/ foe
75narrow mindsinsular minds
(狭隘的头脑或者观念)
76a way to do sth.an approach to doing sth./
an avenue towards sth.
77hobby≈ pastime/ diversion
78progressprogression
(经常指抽象的进步，
比如写关于society/
career/ technology的话题)
79failuresetback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)
80importancesignificance
(当你用了一次importance之后，
第二次不妨用这个)
81dutyobligation
(用于比较重要的责任)
82difficultyhindrance/
impediment/
hurdles
83pressure from your classmatespeer pressure
84citizens who can worklabor force/
workforce
(都是总体概念，而且注意后
面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)
85problems or diseases that exist for a long timepersistent problems/
chronic diseases
86a life without regular exercisea sedentary lifestyle
87resultconsequence
(表示消极的结果更多一些)
88thoughts≈ considerations
89the lack of knowledgeignorance
(注意在地道英文里，
这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，
而是表示“无知”)
90harm (n.)adverse effect
91harm (vt.)damage destroy/ ruin
(这两个词比damage程度更重)
spoil(后面跟the cityscape/
scenery/ environment)
undermine
(后面跟抽象概念，
比如stability/ social order/ harmony)
jeopardize (后面跟抽象概念，
比如one's future/ one's career)
tarnish
(后面跟one's reputation/ image)
sap/ dampen
(后面跟one's enthusiasm/
interest/ confidence)
92[派生] harmfuldetrimental (adj.)
93[派生] be harmful to≈ pose a threat to
94bad luckmisfortune
95troubleadversity/
dilemma/
predicament/ hardship
96crimeoffense/ criminal act
97youth crime≈ juvenile delinquency
98criminaloffender/ ≈
culprit/ ≈
perpetrator
99serious crimeheinous crime/
felony
100a minor crimea misdemeanor
101shortage (of)scarcity (of)/
dearth (of)
102the only onean exception
103places where animals livehabitat
形容词
104worrying≈ disturbing
105very popularprevalent/
ubiquitous
106TRUEgenuine
(truly a genuinely)
107deepprofound
(深刻的，后面经常跟wisdom/
truths/ understanding/
impact/ thoughts)
108strongpowerful/ mighty
109weak≈ vulnerable
110hard-workingindustrious
(注意不是industrial，
而diligent那个词在
美语中是个挺大的词)
111very disappointinglamentable/ pathetic
112be good (for)be beneficial (to) =
be in the best interests (of)
113be not as good asbe inferior to
114be better thanbe superior to
115uninterestingmundane
(注意这个词其实再
美国很多时候并不是
“世俗的”意思/humdrum
116manynumerous(注意要跟可数名词)
117complicatedintricate
118strangeodd/ bizarre/
eccentric
(单weird有点过于口语化了)
119cannot be turned backbe irreversible
120produce useful resultsproductive
121practical≈ realistic
122maturesophisticated
(这个词指人的时候
意思是思维成熟老练的)
123selfishself-centered/
materialistic
124proud (贬义)conceited
125suitablefitting
126most suitableoptimal
127lonelyisolated/ alienated
128alonesolitary
129be easily influenced by sth.be susceptible to sth.
(一般是坏事情，
比如a disease/ attacks)
130is better thanis superior to
131not as good as…is inferior to
132be the samebe identical/
be homogenous/
be uniform
(后面两个词比较正式，
一般是说cultural
globalization的时候常用，
现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫
school uniforms了吧，
就是让大家都看起来一
样的衣服)
133interesting≈ stimulating
134boring≈ monotonous/
repetitive
135uselessredundant
136smartintelligent
137famousrenowned
138positive≈ desirable/
encouraging
139happydelighted
140enjoyabledelightful
141can be usedbe available
142hard to understandbewildering/
baffling/
confusing
143(laws/ rules/ people) not strictlenient
144healthywholesome
(注意说人的健康还是
要用healthy，
但是如果说事物有益健康，
就可以用wholesome)
145good for the envrionmenteco-friendly
比如Biking is far more
eco-friendly than driving
their SUVs.)
146nervous/ anxious≈ apprehensive
147doubt sth.be skeptical about sth.
148fair≈ justified
149unfair≈ unwarranted/ unjustifiable
150hugeenormous/ massive/
vast/ colossal
151smalltiny/ miniscule
(后面一般跟抽象名词)
152have many different abilitiesbe versatile/ be well-rounded
153be familiar withbe well-acquainted with
154very successful/ admirabledistinguished
155properappropriate
156typicalquintessential
(这个语气非常强)
157exactprecise/ ≈ accurate
158uglyunsightly
159poor-qualitysubstandard
(housing/ accommodation/
work/ goods/ machines)
160the present…the current…/
the existing…
(比如the current financial
crisis/ the existing
environmental problems)
161outdatedantiquated/ obsolete
162highly-respectedesteemed
163complete(adj.)/ wholeentire
164spend a lot of moneylead an extravagant/
a lavish life
165openenlighted/ progressive
(开明的，逐步的，经常用来
形容govern-ment 或者society)
166sth. must be carried outsth. is compulsory/
sth. is mandatory
167with long historytime-honored
(后面经常跟抽象名词，
比如tradition/ practice/
methods/ heritage)
168continuing foreverperpetual
169importantsignificant
essential
vital
(这三个词的重要性依次递增)
170very attractivevery appealing/
fascinating/
captivating
171very carefulcautious
172be very interested inbe absorbed in/
be engrossed in
173be qualified forbe eligible for
174disappointingfrustrating
175wrongerroneous
176long and a bit annoyinglengthy
177very difficultdaunting/
formidable
178being spread in uncontrolled wayrampant
(后面经常跟负面现象，
比如crime, pollution
或者discrimination)
179cruel≈ inhumane/
merciless
180fatoverweight/ obese
(后面这个已经胖出病了)
181having wrong opinionsskewed/ biased
(这两个词一般在媒体类话题使用，
表示“有偏见的”)
182including many thingscomprehensive
(综合的，全面的)
183enoughadequate/
sufficient/
ample/
abundant
(注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)
184too muchexcessive
185very littleminimal
(注意不是minimum)
186cause bad effectscounterproductive
(其实地道英文写作
里这个词不见得和生
产有关，只要阻止人们达
到目的，都可以写它
counterproductive)
187strictstringent
(后面一般跟laws,measures或者rules)
188urgentpressing (problems)
189quiettranquil and serene
(美语中这两个词经常
可以连在一起用)
动词
190make sth. strongstrengthen/
fortify/
reinforce/
consolidate sth.
191make sth. weakweaken/ erode (侵蚀)
192make sth. betterenhance/
better
(很少看到国内考生用
better当动词，
其实在学术写作中
better sth.是挺常见的表达)
193make sth. worseaggravate/
exacerbate sth.
194control…(a negative trend)curb…(crime/
pollution/
economic recessions)
195stopcease
196manage sth.≈ regulate sth./
oversee sth.
197appearemerge/ arise
(后者的主语一般是抽象概念，
比如debate)
198die outgo extinct
199fail to seeneglect/
overlook
200set…freerelease (prisoners/stress)
200个托福写作 替换词大家能背下来多少呢?我们拭目以待吧~不仅要背下来重要的是要会用哦~如果大家仍有不清楚的地方可以随之