之表达支持反对。
TPO15综合写作属于生物生态类，那么生物生态类的综合写作会从哪些方面考又需要知道哪些必备词汇呢?
1. 生物生态类考察点-物种(动、植物)骤减or 剧增
A.分析原因：假说分析
B.分析影响：生态问题
C.解决方案：生态保护
2. 生物生态类必备词汇
A.分析原因：假说分析
理论：hypothesis, explanation,cause, theory
动物：predator, predation, pollution, climate change, habitat...
植物：climate change, insect, human action
B.分析影响：生态问题
动物：ecosystem, local species, food chain
植物：ecosysyem, environment
C.解决方案：生态保护
动物：virus, human action
植物：pesticide, assisted migration, research center, genetic modification
1935年，有100只中美洲蔗蟾蜍被放在Gordonvale，昆士兰州，用来对付讨厌的吃甜甘蔗的甲虫。不幸的是，没有人预料到蔗蟾蜍的胃口如此之大(既贪吃又好色，吃得多繁殖得快);另外它的毒腺又使它成为那些不加防备的捕食者的致命一餐。凭借着这些本领再加上爱游荡的天性，蟾蜍从此向西部蔓延。2005年初，它们已经到达距离达尔文70公里的范围内，也就是说它们即将进入卡卡杜和Nitmiluk国家公园的生态系统。它们的到来对本地的青蛙、肉食有袋动物(quoll)、巨蜥，以及那些所有它们想吃或者想吃它们的任何动物来说都是个严重威胁。
Reading部分要记住的点：
Topic: CT measures to stop CT in AUS
R1: national fence
R2:captured & destroyed by V'
R3:virus
Listening部分要记住的点+细节：
L1 X stop young T & T eggs - rivers+stream one-another
L2 V bt destroy native frogs X tell CT from frogs
L3 X original habitat in SA rep+amphibians by re+pet collectors - ecological disaster - vital in America
Writing写作要注意的三个点：
开头段：表明topic +各自的立场
主体段：各自观点、相互关系、听力反驳
以听力的内容为主，阅读的内容要改写 先全后细：先保证观点的完整，再加细节内容
范文分析：
开头段：表明topic+各自的立场
The lecturer argues againstthe three measures mentioned in the reading passage to reduce the population of the cane toad, a species introduced to the Australian continent.
The lecturer argues that the first measure, a national fence, would not prevent the flow of streams or rivers and,(听力观点) therefore, would allow young toads or toad eggs to travel to the other side of the fence. (反驳理由)The reading passage, however, argues that such a fence would effectively cut off the Route that animals use to establish colonies and expand in population.(阅读观点)
Regarding the second measure, recruiting a large group of volunteers, the lecturer explains that volunteers often have difficulty distinguishing between cane toads and native frogs, an endangered species. Therefore, volunteers might kill members of both species. (听力观点+反驳理由)The Reading passage gives the opposite view. Organizing a large group of volunteers to join an extermination campaign would speed the destruction of cane toads.(阅读观点)
Finally the lecturer objects to the third measure—using an infectious virus. She points out that a virus intended to eliminate Australia's cane toad population could be transmitted through animal transportation to other continents where cane toads are an essential part of the ecosystem. (听力观点+反驳理由)This is indirect contradiction with the claim in the reading passage that an infectious virus could be developed to stop the reproduction of cane toads without harming other species.(阅读观点)
总结：支持反对的表达
驳斥： refute, disagree with, cast doubts on, challenge, oppose, conflict with, deny the statement of, contradict
支持：support, enhance, hold, advocate,
转折：in contrast, however, on the other hand, on contrary, while
列举：first, second,third, first of all, secondly, also, finally, in the first place, futhermore, moreover
以上的内容是托福综合写作模板之表达支持反对，提供给大家一些参考，希望对你们备考有帮助。