质疑与遵从/独立与从众：Roosevelt, Copernicus
创新与继承：Roosevelt, Copernicus, James Cameron
学校与学生：Bill Gates, James Cameron, Edison
合作与竞争/个人与他人/个人与集体：Bill Gates, Edison
领导与群众：Roosevelt, Mandela
成功根源/忠诚坚持：Edison, James Cameron
快乐源泉：Roosevelt, Edison
行为动机(帮助别人)：Bill Gates, Mandela
个人与命运/现实与理想：Bill Gates, James Cameron
真实与谎言/表象与实质：The Last Leaf, The Great Gatsby
(成功与失败：Roosevelt, Edison)
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
◇ Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd president of United States, was a successful leader to guide American citizens to walk out of the shadow of the Great Depression.
◇ On October 29, 1929, the stock market crash triggered the Great Depression. Overnight, people lost everything. And the unemployment went up to 25%.
◇ Herbert Clark Hoover, then President of United States, insisted on the principles of classical economics, then widely considered correct by economists. They believed that the market had the ability to correct itself, so no major government intervention was needed. However, this time, that policy did not work.
◇ After analyzing the situation, Roosevelt found that this economic policy could generate a series of problems. For example, some industries would be monopolized by big companies and so on. He realized that government intervention was necessary to save the economy.
◇ With the slogan, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” Roosevelt was elected as the president of the United States. Those words brought confidence and strength for American people to overcome the unprecedented financial crises.
◇ Roosevelt enacted the New Deal, which was categorized by historians as “relief, recovery and reform”.
◇ One of the most successful projects of the New Deal was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). This giant public power project in the valley of the Tennessee River could not only regulate floods, but also provide cheaper electricity for residents along the Tennessee River.
Bill Gates
◇ Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, is one of the richest people in the world.
◇ Through his hard work, Bill Gates earned billions of dollars.
◇ However, instead of living a luxurious life, Bill Gates donates 98% of his property to build up the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
◇ The Foundation is made up of three main program areas: Global Development, Global Health, and the United States Program. With the belief that every life has equal value, the Foundation aims to enhance health care, reduce extreme poverty and expand educational opportunities and access to information technology in America.
◇ The Foundation has offered money to build 67 schools for national minorities and poor children and has donated 1.68 billion dollars to help African countries fight diseases. Now, with the help of the Foundation, nearly 2000 children can receive an education, and more than 10000 African children could be free of famine, poverty and diseases.
◇ Paul Allen was his partner.
◇ Bill Gates and Paul Allen, who knew each other from high school, were both interested in computer. They first got in touch with a mainframe in high school and quickly became known for their ability as programmers. Later, although Bill Gates started his new life in Harvard University while Paul Allen worked for Honeywell, they set up Microsoft with the belief to bring computers into the homes of everyday Americans. After writing BASIC, a simple programming language, for Altair together, Gates and Allen became more confident in their products. Based on the success with Altair, they designed a new strategy to gain widespread acceptance for their products by "bundling" their software with computers, rather than selling to consumers directly. With their hard work, Bill Gates and Paul Allen finally made their company worldwide and got succeed.
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