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At the beginning of the twentieth century, French psychologist Alfred Binet devisedthe first test of human intelligence. The test consisted of problems of increasing difficultythat were designed to measure children’s judgment, reasoning, and comprehension. Shortly after Binet’s original work, psychologist Lewis Terman of Stanford University refined and standardized the test for American children. This test became known as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, which was first published in l9l6 and revised several times after that. Terman and his colleagues developed the idea of the 1Q, or intelligence quotient. IQ is a measurement of general intelligence, 21 number representing the ratio of mental age(performance on the test) to actual chronological age in years. IQ has proven to be anaccurate measurement of a child’s potential to achieve in school and later in professionallife. The most recent version of the Stanf0rd—Binet test is still being used today and remainsone of the worlds most widely used and accurate tests of general intelligence. It hasproduced reliable results for individuals from age two through adulthood.
Intelligence testing has caused great excitement within the scientific community andthe larger society. Many psychologists agree that intelligence testing is psychology’sgreatest achievement. Intelligence testing and IQ are important scientific developmentswith great social utility beyond the prediction of school achievement. Intelligence tests arenow available to evaluate people for specific purposes, such as military service, placementin industrial organizations, and even social companionship.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.