DELTA备考策略与模拟试题
TEST 2
Parents and teachers generally believe it is best for children to study and play with other children of the same age. For this reason, same-age peer groups are the norm for children, both in and out of school, and at all ages, from infancy through adolescence. When children are organized into groups with their peers, it encourages tolerance and cooperation and discourages conflict and competition.
Peer group build tolerance and decrease conflict because the children are equals in terms of status and power. Even when peers tease each other, the teasing is acceptable because it occurs among equals. Joking and teasing will actually build toleration among peers, who are able to work out many differences without the intervention of adults.
Because peers are at the same stage of mental and physical development, structured competition is a positive experience for them. The healthy competition of team sports, games and other contests will challenge individuals to perform well in order to benefit the group. Contests and competition between same-age peer groups will reduce conflict because the completion is structured and managed in a healthy, enjoyable manner. Competitive games build teamwork and group pride because winning the game is a shared success.
Cooperation comes naturally to children of the same age because they experience the same events and issues at the same level of development. Peers are friends, classmates, and teammates who learn together in a healthy, sharing environment. Same-age peer groups play an important positive role in children’s socialization because they promote cooperation and group identity.
Question:
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific points made in the reading passage.
1. 阅读要点概括
Key point 1: The positive aspects of same-age peer groups.
Key point 2: Peer groups build tolerance and decrease conflict.
Key point 3: Contests and competition between the same-age peer groups will reduce conflict.
Key point 4: Cooperation comes naturally to children of the same age.
2. 听力要点概括
Key point 1: Negative aspects of same-age peer groups.
Key point 2: A study showing that dividing 11-year-old boys into two groups led to negative attitudes between the groups. Structured contests the teasing and insults between the groups.
Key point 3: Contests increased conflict between the two groups, but when the groups were put back together and given a cooperative task, conflict was reduced.
Key point 4: When children of the same age are divided into groups, competition comes more naturally than cooperation.
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