为了提高
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has destroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Some people believe that television has destroyed communication among friends and family. I think this is an exaggeration. In my opinion, whether or not television hurts communication depends on what type of program is being viewed. More importantly, it depends on the type of viewer.
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本段是一个分总的结构。首先第一句话提出了一个社会上错误的观点。第二句话对此进行反驳。第三句话表明了作者对此的观点。第四句话进行了进一步升华，告诉我们要具体情况具体分析。 |
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There are empty programs and educational programs. Empty programs do not challenge people. These programs have just enough storyline and vapid special effects to keep viewers from switching channels. Educational programs are mentally engaging and leave the viewer with a sense of alertness and accomplishment.
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本段是一个总分的结构。这一段分成了两部分，告诉了我们应该具体情况具体分析。第一部分阐述了一些空洞的节目的特点。第二部分阐述了教育性节目的特点。进行了两者的对比。 |
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There are also passive and active viewers. A passive viewer will just watch television without thinking about what he or she seeing. The combination of an empty program and a passive viewer makes communication unlikely. Passive viewers just continue to watch, actually enjoying the fact that they don’t have to think. They won’t break away to talk about programming with friends and family. Even with better programming, passive viewers still won’t think or communicate much. The probably even prefer the empty program because the better programming is too much work. The personality of the viewer is as important as the program content itself. On the other hand, active viewers watching educational programming always want to share what they see with friends and family. “Educational” doesn’t necessarily mean only documentaries. They could be dramas with realistic relationships or action shows with clever plotlines. When active viewers watch programs, they have ideas and talk about them with others. Good programming inspires them to change their thinking and their lives. Unlike passive viewers, they don’t want to watch more and more without thinking. Television may destroy communication among passive viewers. These viewers probably wouldn’t communicate with friends and family much anyway. For active viewers who already enjoy communicating, television is actually helpful and stimulating.
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本段是一个总分总的结构。这一段分成了两部分，告诉了我们应该具体情况具体分析。第一部分阐述了一些被动观影者的特点。第二部分阐述了那些积极主动的观影者的特点。最后，进行了详细两者的对比，重申了本段有关passive 和active的论点。 |
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本段是文章的第三段，也就是正文第二段，写了支持作者立场的第二个分论点。 |
满分因素剖析
一、语言表达
这篇文章在语言方面非常优秀。作者运用了各种从句，非谓语动词结构，句子十分饱满，句式富于多变，长短句搭配合理，使考官眼前一亮。而在用词方面，作者在关键的位置都使用了明显的逻辑连接词，这样使得文章各个部分衔接自然，逻辑也很清晰。
1. In my opinion, whether or not television hurts communication depends on what type of program is being viewed.
此句中，whether和what分别作为引导词引导主语从句，在主句中做主语。在主语从句中，whether的意思为“是否”。与Whether引导的宾语从句不同，此处不能用if来替代。
2. Educational programs are mentally engaging and leave the viewer with a sense of alertness and accomplishment.
此句中，短语mentally engaging意思为“在精神上吸引人的”。Engage本身的意思的“使结合”，其形容词形式engaging的意思是“吸引人的”，这个单词很形象，在考试中比较受到考官的青睐，大家在表达“有意思”的意思的时候，不要总是用“fun, interesting”之类的单词，可以试试用engaging。
3. “Educational” doesn’t necessarily mean only documentaries.
此句话的意思是“有教育意义不只体现在纪录片上”。这句话在内容上很有哲理，因为一般人认为电视节目的教育意义仅仅体现在纪录片上，而作者深入思考，挖掘出电视节目根本意义的所在，是文章在逻辑和主旨上更上一层。
4. Unlike passive viewers, they don’t want to watch more and more without thinking.
此句中，unlike是介词，引导介词短语，表示“与....不同”。这种介词短语在托福作文考试中可以用来引出比较内容，从而进行对比论证。类似的表达还有“compared with， in contrast”等。
二、逻辑结构
本文结构非常有趣，是一个中立型的观点，告诉我们电视对人的利与弊。这样中立的观点在独立写作中并不多见，比较难以拿捏，一不小心就可能写成了偏题跑题或者观点不明确。写到这些中立型观点的题目的时候，我们可以尽量多使用对比这种论证手法，使得文章逻辑严谨，结构清晰，分析得当。本文利弊分析旗鼓相当。电视有利有弊，相信这个中立的观点是本文得到满分的必要因素。
独立写作185题库是ETS公布的托福考试经典官方作文题库，收录在托福考试官方指南(Official Guide)的附录中，在托福考试改革之前，是作文真题的主要来源。现在的托福考试对官方作文题目进行了扩大，但是185题库仍然和考试作文真题紧密相连，为考生提供最权威最真实的托福范文参考和写作练习。SmartStudy的教学专家对185题库的逐题讲解，从考题精读，头脑风暴，范文展示，甚至是同类题型的归纳等多个方面切入，将平面简短的文题毁灭性地分崩离析，以思路指导清晰其面貌，以生动的观点和事例丰满其个性，提供更完整更立体的试题透视途径，准确击碎写作障碍。
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