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Learning about the past has no value for those of us living in the present. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
People often say “Those who don’t understand history will repeat the mistakes of the past.” I totally disagree. I don’t see any evidence that people have made smart decisions based on their knowledge of the past. To me, the present is what is important, not the past. I think that people, the weather, and politics determine what happens, not the past.
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本段第一句话引用了一句古话告诉了我们本文需要讨论的论题。后面作者用I totally disagree抛出了其与众不同的观点，并点明了自己的立场和本文主旨，即作者认为历史对我们现在指导意义不大。 |
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本段是文章的首段，引出了要讨论的话题，点明了作者的立场，引入下文讨论。 |
People can change. We can’t assume that people will continue to hate one another just because they have had hated one another for years. Look at Turkey and Greece. When Turkey had an earthquake, Greece sent aid. When Greece had an earthquake, Turkey sent aid. Now, these two countries are cooperating and looking forward to improved relations. No doubt, if we looked at the past, we could have thought this was a lost cause. But people change.
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本段是一个总分总的结构。首先第一句话即点明了主旨，人是在变的。第二句话对主旨进行了简要分析。后面是补充的Turkey and Greece的一个例子，生动具体，帮助论证了这个观点。 |
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本段是文章的第二段，也就是正文第一段，写了支持作者立场的第一个分论点。 |
The weather can change. Farmers think that they can plant certain crops because these crops have always grown well in their fields before. But the weather can change. There can be a long drought. The crops that have always worked well will die. A drought-resistant crop needs to be tried. If we looked only at the past, we would not have changed our crop and we would have lost our farm when blight or brought occurred.
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本段是一个总分的结构。首先第一句话即点明了主旨，天气也是可能会变的。后面举了farmer和crop的例子来证明观点。最后告诉我们，如果我们只是向过去看，那么我们将会面临失败。 |
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本段是文章的第三段，也就是正文第二段，写了支持作者立场的第二个分论点。 |
Politics also changes. According to my way of thinking, politicians must be responsive to changes in the people. If politicians looked only at the past, they would always say the same thing. People change. On the whole, people today care about human rights. They warn all people to have the equal rights. If we looked at the past in the United States, we would see a lot of discrimination against races, women, and sexual orientation. Now, that is changing. Politicians change, too.
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本段是一个总分的结构。首先第一句话即点明了主旨，天气也是可能会变的。后面举了farmer和crop的例子来证明整个观点。最后告诉我们，如果我们只是向过去看，那么我们将会面临失败。 |
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本段是文章的第四段，也就是正文第三段，写了支持作者立场的第三个分论点。 |
As a rule what is important today is to follow the mood of the moment. We shouldn’t constantly gaze vainly into the past. It doesn’t do us any good to think about the past. People, the weather, and politics can change in any direction. The direction of this change, in my opinion, can not be predicted by studying the past.
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本段第一句话承接上文，后面都是对文章进行的升华分析。最后一句话帮助作者重申了论点，即我们必须向前看，而不是向历史看。 |
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本段是文章的尾段，承接了上文，总结了观点，并帮助作者重申论点。 |
满分因素剖析：
一、语言表达
这篇文章的在语言方面非常下功夫，可以看出作者扎实的语言功底。在句子方面，作者熟练运用定语从句，宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，状语从句等多种复合句式，可谓是从句的“百科全书”。在用词方面，作者熟练使用各种连词，副词，还有一些英语写作中会用到的高级词汇，使文章逻辑通畅，态度清晰，让人眼前一亮。
1. I totally disagree. I don’t see any evidence that people have made smart decisions based on their knowledge of the past.
此句中，that引导同位语从句，做名词evidence的同位语，起到解释说明的作用。动词词组base on的意思是“依靠，以...为基础”，同样的用法还有on the basis of。在此句中，作者用到了base on的过去分词形式based on，这个非谓语动词短语在英语阅读写作中常常出现在“decision, idea, knowledge, opinion”等词的后面，后面接着解释的内容。
2. The direction of this change, in my opinion, can not be predicted by studying the past.
此句中，in my opinion在句中做插入语，表示“我认为”。插入语结构在托福和
3. We shouldn’t constantly gaze vainly into the past.
此句中，用到两个高级词汇gaze和vainly。动词gaze的意思是“凝视”，gaze into的意思是“向...看”，这个单词不同于一般用到的see，watch，这种“看”带有一种认真而仔细的态度，用在此处很形象。副词vainly的意思的“徒劳的”，同样的表达还有介词短语“in vain”。
二、逻辑结构
本文使用正正正的大正支持形式，结构简单，逻辑清晰。文章中每一段都是总分(总)的结构，段内脉络清晰，每一段展开都非常充分，并补充了适当的生活中的例子用以佐证观点。
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