TPO是美国教育考试服务中心(ETS)专为参加
It is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject.
1. Which is more helpful for children, generalization over a board range of many academic subjects, or specialization in one specific subject? In my point of view, students need both of them to eventually grow up to be eligible citizens in the future and at different ages of their life, the should focus on different aspects.
When children are young, specifically before they enter college, they should be taught a wide range of subjects. The subjects taught at that time are always quite easy and they should learn the basic principles of these subjects. Mathematics and other subjects of science, such as physics, chemistry and biology help students to acquire the sense of reasoning and to develop the ability of critical thinking; history tells students what happens in the past and what we can learn from past events; languages such as English are tools that help students to better communicate with others and understand each other better. Can you point out which subject is not needed in their later life? All of these subjects are so important, and I believe students should acquire the basic knowledge of them all.
However, when students gradually grow up, they have to choose a specific area as their major, which area they have the most interests in. After all, we should choose a subject as our career in the future and make a living through this subject. Our time and energy are limited and it is impossible for us to commend all the subjects. If we continue to dabble in a wide range of subjects, we may turn out to achieve nothing. Only when we choose a specific subject and pay all our attention to it, can we really make our unique contribution.
In firmly believe this process is needed for everyone and it is arbitrary to determine which one is better. From generalization, students gain the basic knowledge of all the subjects and find their own interest. Then, they choose their major and specialize in that area, in which area they can best develop their potential and truly make a difference. These two processes are not in conflict and what we need to do is just to keep balance between them.
2. Education systems tend to offer a broad instruction in the early years which becomes more and more specialized as we move towards tertiary learning. This allows us to sample various subjects and presents a range of basic knowledge needed to function in modern society. In my view, while this may not be suitable for everyone, it is reasonable.
One reason why we need to educate our populations is so that we can enter the workforce and skilled jobs often require specialized prior learning. For example, someone going to study mathematics at university would need to will need to have a deep enough education in mathematics at secondary school to demonstrate an ability to cope with a degree in the subject. Similarly, a budding accountant needs to show a flair for math when applying for work in accountancy. So, one can argue that an increasingly specialized educational system is a function of the job market and, therefore, determined by employers.
Alternatively, some countries do have a broader education extending into higher education such as a first degree similar to the US system of majors and minors. This method may be acceptable in that it may concentrate on relevant skills rather than specific knowledge while specialist knowledge can be acquired at master’s level. Although demonstrating an ability to delve deeply into a field of expertise is often required for the professions and many other skilled careers, there may be others like general management where a wide range of skills is more appropriate. For those unskilled occupations, not requiring a degree or apprenticeship, again a broad education may be more pertinent.
In conclusion, in the English school curriculum, schooling usually tunnels our choices towards an ever decreasing number of subjects since, for many, the job market determines our education system and the depth of knowledge we need. In turn, the market dictates our need to specialize depending on our career choice. Though, personally, I tend to prefer the specific subject mode of learning, I believe that it is down to the individual to determine his or her preference.
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