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托福TPO 20 独立写作试题：
Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only doing what they know.
托福满分作文-范文赏析：
We are all interested in finding out how successful people gain success. A majority of people claim that successful people tend to take risks and avoid only doing what they already know. This statement is somewhat reliable since successful people indeed do something unusual. However, their unusual behavior is based on things that have been known for a long time.
Let us take Albert Einstein as the first example. As we all know, he invented the theory of Quantum Mechanics, which was so different from what people already knew in physics. This theory led to his personal success in the field of theoretical physics. However, almost all of us ignore the fact that he also did really well in traditional physics. He made his discovery based on his research on traditional physics. A more recent example is Steve Jobs, who was the chief executive officer of Apple. We usually oversee his achievement in the innovative Apple system and applications. In fact, without deep knowledge of basic computer system or electronic devices, he could not have put his innovation into use. Actually, successful people do take risks after they have done what they have known for sure.
Basic things can provide proof for innovative actions. Before taking risks, we just need to evaluate the risks and its proof. Anything in the world should have solid proof, or it can never become reality. To become successful, we just need to learn better about basic things, or things we have already known well, in the first place. Just as Steve and Albert, suppose they had no background knowledge at all, how could they have taken risks that are challenging?
Another importance of things we know is that they enlighten us on different aspects. By the time we do things that are quite familiar well, we can easily find out their limitations and come up with some methods of improvement. Einstein first did his research on lights, which was so familiar with people at that time, and found out some limitations of the characters of lights. Without background information, we just cannot see the little faults, let alone take risks doing something unusual.
All in all, people who get final success actually do try things and take risks, but actually their risky behavior is based on what they have already known well. So the basic step for their success is to do familiar things well. This must be the philosophy of any successful people, and, should also be the philosophy of all of us as well.
托福作文满分要素剖析:
一、 语言表达
本文长短句结合，错落有致，很有节奏感。作者虽然不常用逻辑关联词提示文章结构，但是句与句之间的逻辑关系清晰，隐藏了很强的因果关系。值得注意的是，本文没有单纯使用陈述句，而在分析当中加入了一些问句，使句式结构更加丰富了。而用词方面，作者使用的词语较为简单，没有追求特别的技巧。
1. In fact, without deep knowledge of basic computer system or electronic devices, he could not have put his innovation into use. 本句是例子分析的一种常用的方式，假设推理。用without句式进行，从另一个方面证明了观点的重要性。
2. Just as Steve and Albert, suppose they had no background knowledge at all, how could they have taken risks that are challenging? 本句也是例子分析的一种常用的方式——假设推理的一种推进方式。Suppose也表示假设，而且使用的是问句的形式，避免了推理方式的重复。
二、 逻辑结构
本文采用了总分总的逻辑结构。首段提出总体观点，成功人士也需要基础知识。但是中间的分析部分没有使用经典的并列结构，第二段首先举了爱因斯坦和乔布斯的例子。之后两段分别从不同的角度分析了这个例子，证明了总体观点。最后进行总结。
网温馨提醒：考生们拿到托福作文试题，审题后，先决定总体思路，然后列出两三个具体的分论点，每个论点找出一些例子来说明。这里要注意例子的选择，尽可能生活化、生动化、形象化，不要太死板，
(编辑：Sally)