1 开头
In this argument, the arguer concludes/ suggests/ makes a suggestion/ makes a conclusion that…To justify this conclusion/ suggestion/ argument, the arguer points out/ cites that…The arguer also points out/ cites that…Although the argument/ conclusion/ suggestion seems plausible, after closely scrutinizing this argument, I find that this argument is logically flawed in several aspects, which render it unconvincing as it stands.
2 结尾
In conclusion, despite that fact that this argument seems appealing, it has several logical flaws, and is therefore unpersuasive as it stands. To bolster his or her argument, the arguer must provide more information which can show that…To better support this argument, the arguer should also provide…To better evaluate this argument, I would also need to know that…
3 调查问题
A threshold problem with this argument involves a survey/ study/ research itself. The statistical reliability of the survey/study/research/ is really dubious可疑 for the reason that the speaker provide no evidence which can show that the number of the respondents( 这里建议替换成调查研究中的群体。比如针对谁提问就写谁) is statistically significant or that the respondents were representative of the overall group of people(接所有群体，比如北京市所有的一类群体) in general. Common sense tells us that the smaller the size of the sample, the greater the possibility for biased results, the less reliable the result of the survey and the less reliable any general conclusions drawn from the survey. That is to say, (你要开始攻击了) The number of participants, 100(文中数据), might be just an insufficiently small sample on which cannot be justifiably relied to draw any reliable conclusions about... Also, the sample might be not necessarily representative of (所有群体). Lacking the information about the randomness and the size of the survey sample, the speaker cannot convince me to believe in the result of the survey—let alone draw any broader recommendation based on the survey/study/research/ result.
用于结尾总结的句型: To better support this argument, the arguer should provide more information to show that the respondents of the survey are statistically significant in number and can represent the overall ...
总结一下，这个是针对原题中出现什么调查研究的专门攻击段，如果你在考试中看到了任何研究调查，立刻把这一段写好。这个攻击段的主题很简单，你的前提，我表示怀疑，而且你没有给我更多的关于你前提的消息，所以，你的结论我也表示怀疑。
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