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41. The following appeared as part of an article in a trade publication.
“Stronger laws are needed to protect new kinds of home-security systems from being copied and sold by imitators. With such protection, manufacturers will naturally invest in the development of new home-security products and production technologies. Without stronger laws, therefore, manufacturers will cut back on investment. From this will follow a corresponding decline not only in product quality and marketability, but also in production efficiency, and thus ultimately a loss of manufacturing jobs in the industry.”
1更强的专利保护法就一定会保护新的家庭安全系统免遭盗版pirate吗?作者并没有提供任何具体的例子来支持这个问题.现有的可能已经足够健全了
2同样的更强的专利保护法就会使得厂家增加投资吗?这个也是不确定的。如果厂家没有额外的钱投资这一样是不可能的
3而由此推出的生产率会下降制造业工作岗位会减少就更没有保证了生产率可能仅仅是保持不变，或者因为熟练而提高
cause-and-effect
the conclusion is based on the following chain of reasoning.
42. The following appeared in the opinion section of a national newsmagazine.
“To reverse the deterioration of the postal service, the government should raise the price of postage stamps. This solution will no doubt prove effective, since the price increase will generate larger revenues and will also reduce the volume of mail, thereby eliminating the strain on the existing system and contributing to improved morale.”
1价格提高带来的增加和数量减少带来的减少哪个大不是定数
2收益增加并不一定就会提高士气，因为他们的工资很可能是固定工资而不是绩效工资。
3其他方法可能更有效果。例如减低成本，把固定工资改成绩效工资。
43. The following appeared in an article in the health section of a newspaper.
“There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals. This notion is unfounded, however: the university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals. Furthermore, many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients. From this it seems clear that the quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals.”
有一种普遍的错误观念认为大学医院比社区或私人医院更好。这个想法是无根据的，我们地区的大学医院较之私人医院，少雇15%的医生，对患者的治愈率要低20%，总体利润要小得多，给一户员工的待遇比私人医院低很多。而且，很多大学医院的医生将他们的时间分为教学，直到研究和看病几部分。从此可明显看出大学医院的服务质量比其他医院低。
1从一个医院的情况就推广到整个太草率
2治愈率低可能是因为接受的患者得的病都比较罕见等原因造成的
3工资低，总体利润低，时间分配给教学都不能一定说明质量差。可能其他福利好，接受的病人少，教学研究有助于进步
44.The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.
“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.”
Megamart杂货店的管理层的商务计划：
由于我们在杂货店内加了药剂部分，今年我们的总体销售额增加了20%。显然，顾客主要关注的是一次性购物的便利性。在今后两年内提高我们的利润的最佳方法是增加一个成衣部门和一个汽车配件和维修商店。我们同时也应该在最后的纪念中继续增加新的部门和服务，比如餐馆，园艺商店。成为本地唯一的提供如此广泛服务的商店将给我们带来超越其他商店的竞争优势。
1总体销售额增加20%利润不一定也会相应增加
2销售额的增加不一定是由于增加了这个部门造成的
3以后是否还会有如此效果不一定。因为可能已经有企业提供更专业更优质的商品和服务。
45. The following appeared as part of a column in a popular entertainment magazine.
“The producers of the forthcoming movie 3003 will be most likely to maximize their profits if they are willing to pay Robin Good several million dollars to star in it— even though that amount is far more than any other person involved with the movie will make. After all, Robin has in the past been paid a similar amount to work in several films that were very financially successful.”
即将来临的电影3003的制片人如果愿意给Robin Good几百万美元邀请他加盟(哪怕这笔钱比其他任何参与电影制作的人拿的钱都多得多)，那他们就最可能实现利润最大化。毕竟Robin过去曾在几部电影中拿过差不多的钱，而那些电影在商业上都很成功。
1以前几部电影的成功有多大程度是依靠ROBIN的?并不确定。很可能其他演员还有导演以及整体的配合才产生了成功。
2过去ROBIN有很大的票房号召力good box office 现在是不是仍然风光无限?
3即使ROBIN确实有很大的票房号召力过去是现在也是，但很可能这部片子并没有适合ROBIN的角色同样不能请他。combination
46. The following appeared in a memorandum from the directors of a security and safety consulting service.
“Our research indicates that over the past six years no incidents of employee theft have been reported within ten of the companies that have been our clients. In analyzing the security practices of these ten companies, we have further learned that each of them requires its employees to wear photo identification badges while at work. In the future, therefore, we should recommend the use of such identification badges to all of our clients.”
我们的研究指出，过去的6年中作为我们客户的10家公司没有被报道出有员工盗窃行为。分析这10家公司的安全经验，我们了解到他们每家公司都要求员工工作时佩戴有照片的身份证章。因此，未来我们将把这种身份证章推荐给我们所有的顾客。
1没有报道出来不一定代表没有，可能是为了公司声誉reputation fame prestige没有说也可能是因为没有发现
2一定是佩带了有照片的身份证起了作用吗?这个很难说。两者只是碰巧同时发生，没有必然的因果联系。
3不是所有公司的员工偷盗问题都是很严重的。例如服务产品提供的公司。
47. The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.
“The owners of the Cumquat Cafe evidently made a good business decision in moving to a new location, as can be seen from the fact that the Cafe will soon celebrate its second anniversary there. Moreover, it appears that businesses are not likely to succeed at the old location: since the Cafe’s move, three different businesses—a tanning salon, an antique emporium, and a pet–grooming shop—have occupied its former spot.”
Cumquat咖啡店的拥有者最近做出了一个出色的商业决定：搬迁到新地址。从事实可见，咖啡店会很快在那里庆祝它的两周年店庆。而且这项业务看来在原址上不能获得成功。因为咖啡店搬迁后，3家不同的商家：一个日光浴沙龙，一个古董店，一个宠物婚嫁店就占据了它原来的地址。
1在新地址庆祝第二个周年纪念日只能说明，搬到新地址之后咖啡店继续存活了下来但是不是比原来好了作者并没有给出足够的证据证明。2导致另外三家店无法在那个地点经营下去的原因可能并表示不是地址而是其他因素
3那个地址就算不适合开那三种店打算内并没有证据证明也不适合开咖啡店
48. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“The profitability of Croesus Company, recently restored to private ownership, is a clear indication that businesses fare better under private ownership than under public ownership.”
1可能是私有以外的因素使得它的盈利能力增强的。
2没有证据证明该公司的成功可以推广到所有的企业所有的行业。
49. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
“If the paper from every morning edition of the nation’s largest newspaper were collected and rendered into paper pulp that the newspaper could reuse, about 5 million trees would be saved each year. This kind of recycling is unnecessary, however, since the newspaper maintains its own forests to ensure an uninterrupted supply of paper.”
1保证纸的供应量并不是重复回收的唯一作用，在环保方面的作用一样不可以小觑
2该报社可能正在为了植树造林这个麻烦的事情而烦恼呢
3而报社认为不必要的原因可能是回收难度太大等等作者却没有提及
50. The following appeared as part of a business plan recommended by the new manager of a musical rock group called Zapped.
“To succeed financially, Zapped needs greater name recognition. It should therefore diversify its commercial enterprises. The rock group Zonked plays the same type of music that Zapped plays, but it is much better known than Zapped because in addition to its concert tours and four albums, Zonked has a series of posters, a line of clothing and accessories, and a contract with a major advertising agency to endorse a number of different products.”
1ZAPPED不盈利的原因除了知名度低之外还有很多别的可能原因
2ZONKED虽然知名度更高可是它没有被认为是更盈利
3就算ZONKED更盈利是因为宣传但是用在别的公司是否有效不一定。