002 “It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make, independently, the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.”
“指望单个国家独自做出牺牲来保存能源是不现实的。如果我们希望为后代保护世界的能源， 国际领导和全球合作是十分必要的。”
1 指望国际力量来保护资源是不切实际的
段落大意： 指望国际力量来保护资源是不切实际的， 每个国家都在想方设法为本国保存能源。
It is not idealistic to expect the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy independently. Factors other than international leadership and worldwide cooperation have driven individual nations to conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own benefit in the future. Most nations in Europe have developed and used automobiles that are highly energy efficient. Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it makes great effort to conserve energy for future generations. A famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from other countries and buried it under the sea.
2 国际合作对环保问题的重要性
段落大意：以石油输出国组织为例说明国际领导力量和全球性合作对环保问题的重要性。
International leadership and worldwide cooperation play important roles in the protection of energy resources. OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. In the long run, the stabilized out-put helps to cease the problem of over-refining and over utilization of oil energy.
013 “Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
“保护自然环境的责任完最后应该由个人来承担， 而非政府。”
1 每个人都应该为环保尽一份力
段落大意： 作为公民和家庭成员， 每个人都应该从身边的小事做起， 保护环境。
There are many guides and resources which help us to be aware of the environmental issues that affect us today, from global warming to garbage disposal. There are books, movies, TV shows, so many publications from governmental and non-governmental agencies. As individuals and family members, we need to start from the basics of our home and its environment. The amount of time that we spend for its upkeep is an investment. That kind of psyche should be developed in every one of us in the household including children. Thereafter the same can be extended to our neighborhood, our community, city, nation and the globe itself.
2 每个公民都应该为环保做力所能及的事
段落大意： 随着环境问题日益突出， 每个人都应该意识到问题的严重性， 从身边的小事做起保护环境。
Environmental problem has become an important and crucial issue. Ozone depletion, green house effect, global climate change or global warming, etc., are the main issues in environment. Everyone should be aware of those issues because it’s human who will get the impact of those problems. All of us can start planting some plants in our home, making a garden, or putting in a pot, and also, limiting the use of private cars and using public transportations, then the amount of cars in street can be reduced, pollution can also be decreased, and besides, the fuel resources can be preserved.
3 人们对环保态度的转变
段落大意： 人们逐渐意识到环保不只是政府的责任， 每个人都应该参与。
People didn’t know how to get involved in environmental practices ago. They thought environmental issues were just the government’s responsibility or the businesses of someone else. They realize now that you have a responsibility, you have an obligation as a consumer. Other concrete results are in the communities, where they are now recycling. Almost everyone knows the 26 Degree policy. Public awareness is very important. Individuals have to know their responsibilities. Environmental practices are not just the nonprofit group’s work or the government’s work. Everybody can do it.
4 环境保护需要公众的参与
段落大意： 环境问题在全世界日益突出， 其根本原因是缺少公众参与。
Environmental protection is an increasingly pressing issue all over the world. Not only are pollution and ecological degradation becoming ever more serious, but also people are more and more unsatisfied with the situation. The speed with which we are polluting the environment far outstrips our efforts to clean it up. But at the root of the problem lies a more significant cause—the lack of public participation. The initial motivation for the world environmental protection movement came from the public and without their participation it would not exist.
5 环保只靠个人是不够的
段落大意： ， 环境保护还需要政府的法律法规。
Experience tells us that individuals (and private corporations owned by individuals) tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at large. For example, current technology makes possible the complete elimination of polluting emissions from automobiles. Nevertheless, neither automobile manufacturers nor consumers are willing or able to voluntarily make the short-term sacrifices necessary to accomplish this goal. Only when the government holds the responsibility and enforcement power to impose the necessary standards can we achieve such goals.