面对
题库17题
The following appeared in an article in a consumer-products magazine:
“Two of today’s best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid, are now available in milder nonprescription forms. Doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid. So people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
Full-strength milder 错误类比
作者说：强力的AE比强力的P多卖出，AE效果比P要好。
驳斥：即使强力的AE比强力的P要好，但是仍然不能得出温和的AE比温和的P要好。
虽然AE比P多卖，但并不一定就是AE比P要好。有可能AE上市早等等原因。
医生可能因为疗效以外的其他原因偏好AE，如生产商、价位等。
题库43题：
The following appeared in an article in the health section of a newspaper:
“There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals. This notion is unfounded, however: the university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals. Furthermore, many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients. From this it seems clear that the quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
驳斥：医生人数少不一定医术差;治愈率与所接触病人情况联系大。
B. Are the statistics misleadingly vague? 只要出现数据，绝对有问题。
①攻击“无相对比值”(虽然数量大，但是只占很小部分)
The argument tells us that “many” (a number of ) _____. However, the speaker fails to indicate the percentage of _____, so this evidence is far too vague to be meaningful.
②攻击“无绝对数值”(虽然比例大，但是总量小。比如只有10个人投票。)
The author fails to provide information regarding the absolute number of ____.
题库39题
The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum:
“On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia’s passengers.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
攻击：缺乏绝对数值。如果乘客量大，那么不满意的乘客数量很多。仍然能反映出航空公司的服务质量差。
C. Respondents
The respondents must be statistically significant in number and representative of the overall_____.
回应者问题。所有的回应者都无法代表被调查人，更无法代表整体被调查对象。
题库8.
The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter:
“The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
(3)Who conducted the survey? 调查机构
The surveyor should be nonaligned / cross-bencher.