33.The following is part of a business plan being discussed at a board meeting of the Perks Company.
"It is no longer cost-effective for the Perks Company to continue offering its employees a generous package of benefits and incentives year after year. In periods when national unemployment rates are low, Perks may need to offer such a package in order to attract and keep good employees, but since national unemployment rates are now high, Perks does not need to offer the same benefits and incentives. The money thus saved could be better used to replace the existing plant machinery with more technologically sophisticated equipment, or even to build an additional plant."
Perks公司董事会上讨论的一个商业计划
Perks公司年复一年地继续给他的员工提供慷慨的利益和激励将不再有助于有效控制成本。当国家的失业率较低时，Perks可能需要用一系列手段吸引和留住好员工，但由于现在国家的失业率较高，Perks不再需要提供同样的利益和激励。剩下的钱可以更好地用于将现有的车间设备更换为技术上更有保证的设备，甚至是建立一个新的车间。
1perks的全国的普遍情况并不一定一致很有可能perks需要的是特殊的工种.而这些工人在现在仍然保持了一个很高的就业率
2虽然减少员工的福利可能会带来一定的成本节约.但是可能会因此而减低士气使得生产率降低反而得不偿失.
3而且该计划是否可以在失业率又降低之前达成仍然是不确定的.因为很可能已经和员工签定了长期合同,现在减低很可能要赔偿大量的违约金.penalty for breach of contract incentive cost-effective merit ill-founded overlook oversee peripheral外围的 This assumption overlooks the peripheral costs of reducing or eliminating benefits. suspend 延缓
34. The following appeared as part of a plan proposed by an executive of the Easy Credit Company to the president.
"The Easy Credit Company would gain an advantage over competing credit card services if we were to donate a portion of the proceeds from the use of our cards to a well-known environmental organization in exchange for the use of its symbol or logo on our card. Since a recent poll shows that a large percentage of the public is concerned about environmental issues, this policy would attract new customers, increase use among existing customers, and enable us to charge interest rates that are higher than the lowest ones available."
Easy信贷公司的一个经营主管向董事长提交的一份计划：
如果我们将信用卡所得的利润中的一部分捐给一个知名的环保组织换取在我们的信用卡上使用他们的标识的权利，Easy信贷公司将在信用卡服务的竞争中得到很大好处。由于最近的民调显示，很多人都关心环境问题，这一计划将吸引新顾客，提高现有顾客的使用量，并使我们得到比最低利润率要高的利润率。
1环保组织所提供的标识所关心的方面和民众所关心的方面可能不一致
2关心环保问题不意味着他们就一定会采取一些具体的措施象是在这个例子里面购买这个公司的产品
The author assumes that the public's concern about environmental issues will result in its taking steps to do something about the problem-in this case, to use the Easy Credit Company credit card.
3权衡了额外付出的成本和收益之后并不一定值得这么做.
35. The following appeared as part of a recommendation from the financial planning office to the administration of Fern Valley University.
"In the past few years, Fern Valley University has suffered from a decline in both enrollments and admissions applications. The reason can be discovered from our students, who most often cite poor teaching and inadequate library resources as their chief sources of dissatisfaction with Fern Valley. Therefore, in order to increase the number of students attending our university, and hence to regain our position as the most prestigious university in the greater Fern Valley metropolitan area, it is necessary to initiate a fund-raising campaign among the alumni that will enable us to expand the range of subjects we teach and to increase the size of our library facilities."
财政计划办公室给Fem Valley大学的建议书：
在过去的几年里，Fem Valley大学经受了入学人数和入学申请的双重下降。原因可以从我们的学生那里找到，他们经常将低劣的教学和不适当的图书馆资源作为他们对学校的主要不满之处。因此，为了提高想加入我们学校的学生数，从而重新获得我们在大Fem Valley地区的最有声望的大学的地位，在校友中发动一个基金募集计划使我们能扩展教学科目改善图书馆的设备是十分必要的。
1增加教学科目和图书馆的型号并不一定就能使学生变得满意因为他们可能并不是对教学和图书馆的这两个方面感到不满
2入学人数和入学申请的下降可能是因为整个外部环境导致的而不是学校自己的问题
3没有提供学生对教学质量和图书馆不满意的具体证据.
4调查的本身就值得怀疑.
ability attract customer merit alleviate inadequate unfavorable economical conditions hearsay rumour scant anecdotal evidence
36. The following appeared in an article in a college departmental newsletter
"Professor Taylor of Jones University is promoting a model of foreign language instruction in which students receive ten weeks of intensive training, then go abroad to live with families for ten weeks. The superiority of the model, Professor Taylor contends, is proved by the results of a study in which foreign language tests given to students at 25 other colleges show that first-year foreign language students at Jones speak more fluently after only ten to twenty weeks in the program than do nine out of ten foreign language majors elsewhere at the time of their graduation."
大学某系的实事通讯：
Jones大学的Taylor教授在推进一个外语教育计划，该计划中学生先接受10周的高强度培训再去外国和当地家庭住10周。Taylor教授认为这一个计划的好处体现在一项给其他25所大学的学生的外语测试中。该测试显示Jones的第一年外语学生在仅参加了10周或者20周的项目活动后，比90%的其他地方的外语专业学生毕业时说口语都说的更流利。
This newsletter article claims that Professor Taylor's foreign-language program at Jones University is a model of foreign language instruction. This conclusion is based on a study in which foreign language tests were given to students at 25 other universities. The study shows that first-year language students at Jones speak more fluently after just 10 to 20 weeks in the program than do 90 percent of foreign-language majors at other colleges at graduation. Despite these impressive statistics, I am unconvinced by this argument for two reasons.
1测试如何进行没有明确的给出。是全面调查还是抽样调查spot check。如果是抽样调查很可能所选的代表过少而不能代表真实情况例如刚好被选中的实验组的学生都是top students。而且可能由于是jones的教授出题使得他的学生对题目更熟悉。
2其他方面的因素也没有被考虑并排除，例如该大学可能是很有名prestigious的大学所以它的学生本来就比其他学校好。
37. The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.
"Motorcycle X has been manufactured in the United States for over 70 years. Although one foreign company has copied the motorcycle and is selling it for less, the company has failed to attract motorcycle X customers-some say because its product lacks the exceptionally loud noise made by motorcycle X. But there must be some other explanation. After all, foreign cars tend to be quieter than similar American-made cars, but they sell at least as well. Also, television advertisements for motorcycle X highlight its durability and sleek lines, not its noisiness, and the ads typically have voice-overs or rock music rather than engine-roar on the sound track."
摩托车X在美国生产超过70年了。虽然一个外国公司复制了这种摩托并低价推出，该公司却不能吸引X的顾客，有人说这是因为他的产品没有X特有的大噪声。但应该还有其他解释。说到底，外国车比类似的美国产车更安静，但他们都买的至少一样好。同样的，X的电视广告强调它的持久性和圆滑的线条，而非它的噪音，而且广告商在音轨上使用的是画外音和摇滚乐而非引擎叫声。
1错误类比。
2很可能是因为卖的时间已经太久了，噪音大的特性已经被强调过了才不被广告商重视。
要写一下。
38. The following appeared in the editorial section of a campus newspaper.
"Because occupancy rates for campus housing fell during the last academic year, so did housing revenues. To solve the problem, campus housing officials should reduce the number of available housing units, thereby increasing the occupancy rates. Also, to keep students from choosing to live off-campus, housing officials should lower the rents, thereby increasing demand."
1入住率低可能是因为学生人数减少等原因造成的
2同时减少供给和降低房费可能会抵消入住率提高而带来的收入提高效应而有余
3就算不会完全抵消仍然有其他原因影响收入例如说学生进入后的维修等等。
boosting rental maintenance oppressive seriousness trivialize
39. The following appeared in an Avia Airlines departmental memorandum.
"On average, 9 out of every 1,000 passengers who traveled on Avia Airlines last year filed a complaint about our baggage-handling procedures. This means that although some 1 percent of our passengers were unhappy with those procedures, the overwhelming majority were quite satisfied with them; thus it would appear that a review of the procedures is not important to our goal of maintaining or increasing the number of Avia's passengers."
1去年是这样今年呢以后呢?
2很有可能是乘客对服务不满意却没时间正式申诉
3和别的航空公司比较如何seriousness trivialize
40. The following appeared as part of an article in a weekly newsmagazine.
"The country of Sacchar can best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar, its primary export. Such an action would make Sacchar better able to compete for markets with other sugar-exporting countries. The sale of Sacchar's sugar abroad would increase, and this increase would substantially reduce Sacchar's trade deficit."
1比起价格下降而带来的损失产量提高的影响是不是更大不是定数Increasing sales by lowering the price of sugar will not yeild an increase in income unless the increase in sales is sufficient to overcome the loss in income due to the lower price. in the absence of ...
2可能性价比本来就很有竞争力了不需要降价，也可能价格已经很低了没有降低的空间了
3降低进口可能是一个更好的办法A trade-deficit occurs when a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports. However, the author provides no evidence that substantiates this assumption. It is possible that revenues from imports will increase dramatically in the near future; if so, the course of action proposed by the author might be unnecessary to solve Sacchar's trade deficit proplem. To the extent that this is the case...
41. The following appeared as part of an article in a trade publication.
"Stronger laws are needed to protect new kinds of home-security systems from being copied and sold by imitators. With such protection, manufacturers will naturally invest in the development of new home-security products and production technologies. Without stronger laws, therefore, manufacturers will cut back on investment. From this will follow a corresponding decline not only in product quality and marketability, but also in production efficiency, and thus ultimately a loss of manufacturing jobs in the industry."
1更强的专利保护法就一定会保护新的家庭安全系统免遭盗版pirate吗?作者并没有提供任何具体的例子来支持这个问题.现有的可能已经足够健全了
2同样的更强的专利保护法就会使得厂家增加投资吗?这个也是不确定的。如果厂家没有额外的钱投资这一样是不可能的
3而由此推出的生产率会下降制造业工作岗位会减少就更没有保证了生产率可能仅仅是保持不变，或者因为熟练而提高
cause-and-effect
the conclusion is based on the following chain of reasoning.
42. The following appeared in the opinion section of a national newsmagazine.
"To reverse the deterioration of the postal service, the government should raise the price of postage stamps. This solution will no doubt prove effective, since the price increase will generate larger revenues and will also reduce the volume of mail, thereby eliminating the strain on the existing system and contributing to improved morale."
1价格提高带来的增加和数量减少带来的减少哪个大不是定数
2收益增加并不一定就会提高士气，因为他们的工资很可能是固定工资而不是绩效工资。
3其他方法可能更有效果。例如减低成本，把固定工资改成绩效工资。
43. The following appeared in an article in the health section of a newspaper.
"There is a common misconception that university hospitals are better than community or private hospitals. This notion is unfounded, however: the university hospitals in our region employ 15 percent fewer doctors, have a 20 percent lower success rate in treating patients, make far less overall profit, and pay their medical staff considerably less than do private hospitals. Furthermore, many doctors at university hospitals typically divide their time among teaching, conducting research, and treating patients. From this it seems clear that the quality of care at university hospitals is lower than that at other kinds of hospitals."
有一种普遍的错误观念认为大学医院比社区或私人医院更好。这个想法是无根据的，我们地区的大学医院较之私人医院，少雇15%的医生，对患者的治愈率要低20%，总体利润要小得多，给一户员工的待遇比私人医院低很多。而且，很多大学医院的医生将他们的时间分为教学，直到研究和看病几部分。从此可明显看出大学医院的服务质量比其他医院低。
1从一个医院的情况就推广到整个太草率
2治愈率低可能是因为接受的患者得的病都比较罕见等原因造成的
3工资低，总体利润低，时间分配给教学都不能一定说明质量差。可能其他福利好，接受的病人少，教学研究有助于进步
44.The following is part of a business plan created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.
"Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer's main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores."
Megamart杂货店的管理层的商务计划：
由于我们在杂货店内加了药剂部分，今年我们的总体销售额增加了20%。显然，顾客主要关注的是一次性购物的便利性。在今后两年内提高我们的利润的最佳方法是增加一个成衣部门和一个汽车配件和维修商店。我们同时也应该在最后的纪念中继续增加新的部门和服务，比如餐馆，园艺商店。成为本地唯一的提供如此广泛服务的商店将给我们带来超越其他商店的竞争优势。
1总体销售额增加20%利润不一定也会相应增加
2销售额的增加不一定是由于增加了这个部门造成的
3以后是否还会有如此效果不一定。因为可能已经有企业提供更专业更优质的商品和服务。
45. The following appeared as part of a column in a popular entertainment magazine.
"The producers of the forthcoming movie 3003 will be most likely to maximize their profits if they are willing to pay Robin Good several million dollars to star in it- even though that amount is far more than any other person involved with the movie will make. After all, Robin has in the past been paid a similar amount to work in several films that were very financially successful."
即将来临的电影3003的制片人如果愿意给Robin Good几百万美元邀请他加盟(哪怕这笔钱比其他任何参与电影制作的人拿的钱都多得多)，那他们就最可能实现利润最大化。毕竟Robin过去曾在几部电影中拿过差不多的钱，而那些电影在商业上都很成功。
1以前几部电影的成功有多大程度是依靠ROBIN的?并不确定。很可能其他演员还有导演以及整体的配合才产生了成功。
2过去ROBIN有很大的票房号召力good box office 现在是不是仍然风光无限?
3即使ROBIN确实有很大的票房号召力过去是现在也是，但很可能这部片子并没有适合ROBIN的角色同样不能请他。combination
46. The following appeared in a memorandum from the directors of a security and safety consulting service.
"Our research indicates that over the past six years no incidents of employee theft have been reported within ten of the companies that have been our clients. In analyzing the security practices of these ten companies, we have further learned that each of them requires its employees to wear photo identification badges while at work. In the future, therefore, we should recommend the use of such identification badges to all of our clients."
我们的研究指出，过去的6年中作为我们客户的10家公司没有被报道出有员工盗窃行为。分析这10家公司的安全经验，我们了解到他们每家公司都要求员工工作时佩戴有照片的身份证章。因此，未来我们将把这种身份证章推荐给我们所有的顾客。
1没有报道出来不一定代表没有，可能是为了公司声誉reputation fame prestige没有说也可能是因为没有发现
2一定是佩带了有照片的身份证起了作用吗?这个很难说。两者只是碰巧同时发生，没有必然的因果联系。
3不是所有公司的员工偷盗问题都是很严重的。例如服务产品提供的公司。
47. The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.
"The owners of the Cumquat Cafe evidently made a good business decision in moving to a new location, as can be seen from the fact that the Cafe will soon celebrate its second anniversary there. Moreover, it appears that businesses are not likely to succeed at the old location: since the Cafe's move, three different businesses-a tanning salon, an antique emporium, and a pet-grooming shop-have occupied its former spot."
Cumquat咖啡店的拥有者最近做出了一个出色的商业决定：搬迁到新地址。从事实可见，咖啡店会很快在那里庆祝它的两周年店庆。而且这项业务看来在原址上不能获得成功。因为咖啡店搬迁后，3家不同的商家：一个日光浴沙龙，一个古董店，一个宠物婚嫁店就占据了它原来的地址。
1在新地址庆祝第二个周年纪念日只能说明，搬到新地址之后咖啡店继续存活了下来但是不是比原来好了作者并没有给出足够的证据证明。2导致另外三家店无法在那个地点经营下去的原因可能并表示不是地址而是其他因素
3那个地址就算不适合开那三种店打算内并没有证据证明也不适合开咖啡店
48. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
"The profitability of Croesus Company, recently restored to private ownership, is a clear indication that businesses fare better under private ownership than under public ownership."
1可能是私有以外的因素使得它的盈利能力增强的。
2没有证据证明该公司的成功可以推广到所有的企业所有的行业。
49. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
"If the paper from every morning edition of the nation's largest newspaper were collected and rendered into paper pulp that the newspaper could reuse, about 5 million trees would be saved each year. This kind of recycling is unnecessary, however, since the newspaper maintains its own forests to ensure an uninterrupted supply of paper."
1保证纸的供应量并不是重复回收的唯一作用，在环保方面的作用一样不可以小觑
2该报社可能正在为了植树造林这个麻烦的事情而烦恼呢
3而报社认为不必要的原因可能是回收难度太大等等作者却没有提及
50. The following appeared as part of a business plan recommended by the new manager of a musical rock group called Zapped.
"To succeed financially, Zapped needs greater name recognition. It should therefore diversify its commercial enterprises. The rock group Zonked plays the same type of music that Zapped plays, but it is much better known than Zapped because in addition to its concert tours and four albums, Zonked has a series of posters, a line of clothing and accessories, and a contract with a major advertising agency to endorse a number of different products."
1ZAPPED不盈利的原因除了知名度低之外还有很多别的可能原因
2ZONKED虽然知名度更高可是它没有被认为是更盈利
3就算ZONKED更盈利是因为宣传但是用在别的公司是否有效不一定。