为了方便大家的学习，小编为大家整理了雅思阅读真题下载：2017年11月4日雅思阅读机经真题答案及解析。仅供参考。
一、 考试概述：
本次考试的文章两篇新题一篇旧题，第一篇描述了两个科学家在撒哈拉的发现，研究了古代人的生存方式，第二篇是讲了利用心理学对课堂行为进行研究，第三篇是讲非语言交流的，人类除了用语言交流，其他手势、行为等的非语言形式也很重要
二、具体题目分析
Passage 1：
题目：Human Remain in Green Sahara
题型：判断题4 +简答题3+填空题6
新旧程度：旧题
文章大意：描述了两个科学家在撒哈拉的发现，研究古代人的生存方式。
参考文章：
Human Remain in Green Sahara
A On October 13,2,000, a small team of paleontologists led by Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago clambered out of three battered Land Rovers, filled their water bottles, and scattered on foot across the toffee-colored sands of the Tenere desert in northern Niger. The Tenere，on the southern flank of the Sahara, easily ranks among the most desolate landscapes on Earth. The Tuareg，turbaned nomads who for centuries have ruled this barren realm, refer to it as a “desert within a desert”a California-size ocean of sand and rock, where a single massive dune might stretch a hundred miles, and the combination of 120-degreeheat and inexorable winds can wick the water from a human body in less than a day. The harsh conditions, combined with intermittent conflict between the Tuareg and the Niger government, have kept the region largely unexplored.
B Mike Hettwer, a photographer accompanying the team, headed off by himself toward a trio of small dunes. He crested the first slope and stared in amazement. The dunes were spilling over with bones. He took a few shots with his digital camera and hurried back to the Land Rovers. ‘I found some bones:'Hettwer said, when the team had regrouped. "But they're not dinosaurs. They're human."
C In the spring of 2005 Sereno contacted Elena Garcea, an archaeologist at the University of Cassino, in Italy, inviting her to accompany him on a return to the site. Garcea had spent three decades working digs along the Nile in Sudan and in the mountains of the Libyan Desert, and was well acquainted with the ancient peoples of the Sahara. But she had never heard of Paul Sereno. His claim to have found so many skeletons in one place seemed far fetched, given that no other Neolithic cemetery contained more than a dozen or so. Some archaeologists would later be skeptical; one sniped that he was just a ‘moonlighting paleontologist’ But Garcea was too intrigued to dismiss him as an interloper. She agreed to join him.
D Garcea explained that the Kiffian were a fishing-based culture and lived during the earliest wet period, between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago. She held a Kiffian sherd next to a Tenerian one. “What is so amazing is that the people who made these two pots lived more than a thousand years apart.
E Over the next three weeks, Sereno and Garcea-- along with five American excavators, five Tuareg guides, and five soldiers from Niger's army, sent to protect the camp from bandits-- made a detailed map of the site, which they dubbed Gobero, after the Tuareg name for the area. They exhumed eight burials and collected scores of artifacts from both cultures. In a dry lake bed adjacent to the dunes, they found dozens of fishhooks and harpoons carved from animal bone. Apparently the Kiffian fishermen weren't just going after small fry: Scattered near the dunes were the remains of Nile perch, a beast of a fish that can weigh nearly 300 pounds, as well as crocodile and hippo bones.
F Sereno flew home with the most important skeletons and artifacts and immediately began planning for the next field season. In the meantime, he carefully removed one tooth from each of four skulls and sent them to a lab for radiocarbon dating. The results pegged the age of the tightly bundled burial sat roughly 9,000 years old, the heart of the Kiffian era. The smaller ‘sleeping’ skeletons turned out to be about 6,000 years old, well within the Tenerian period. At least now the scientists knew who was who.
G In the fall of 2006 they returned to Gobero, accompanied by a larger dig crew and six additional scientists. Garcea hoped to excavate some80 burials, and the team began digging. As the skeletons began to emerge from the dunes, each presented a fresh riddle, especially the Tenerian. A male skeleton had been buried with a finger in his mouth.
H Even at the site, Arizona State University bioarchaeologist Chris Stojanowski could begin to piece together some clues. Judging by the bones, the Kiffian appeared to be a peaceful, hardworking people. “The lack of head and forearm injuries suggests they weren't doing much fighting,” he told me. “And these guys were strong.” He pointed to a long，narrow ridge running along a femur. “That’s the muscle attachment，” he said. “This individual had huge leg muscles, which means he was eating a lot of protein and had a strenuous lifestyle-- both consistent with a fishing way of life.” For contrast, he showed me the femur of a Tenerian male. The ridge was barely perceptible. “This guy had a much less strenuous lifestyle,” he said, “which you might expect of a herder."
I Stojanowski's assessment that the Tenerian were herders fits the prevailing view among scholars of life in the Sahara 6,000 years ago, when drier conditions favored herding over hunting. But if the Tenerian were herders, Sereno pointed out, where were the herds? Among the hundreds of animal bones that had turned up at the site, none belonged to goats or sheep, and only three came from a cow species. “It’s not unusual for a herding culture not to slaughter their cattle, particularly in a cemetery，M Garcea responded, noting that even modem pastoralists, such as Niger’s Wodaabe, are loath to butcher even one animal in their herd. Perhaps, Sereno reasoned, the Tenerian at Gobero were a transitional group that had not fully adopted herding and still relied heavily on hunting and fishing.
J Back in Arizona, Stojanowski continues to analyze the Gobero bones for clues to the Green Saharans’ health and diet. Other scientists are trying to derive DNA from the teeth, which could reveal the genetic origins of the Kiffian and Tenerian — and possibly link them to descendants living today. Sereno and Garcea estimate a hundred burials remain to be excavated. But as the harsh Tenere winds continue to erode the dunes, time is running out. “Every archaeological site has a life cycle，” Garcea said. “It begins when people begin to use the place, followed by disuse, then nature takes over, and finally it is gone. Gobero is at the end of its life.”
The bar chart presents the information of the proportion of elderly citizens in three different countries in the year of 1980, 2000 and 2030.
It is apparent that five decades witness a rise in the percentage of the elderly in all three countries, among which Germany has the highest percentage throughout this period.
The percentage of the pensioners in Canada is on the rise, from 10 percent to more than 20 percent in the final year. In addition, the figure Canada for overtook that of the UK in 2000, becoming the country which has the second largest proportion. The percentage of the old in the UK also grows over this period. However, it is noticeable that the increase was less significant in the first 20 years, though it accelerated gradually in the latter twenty years.
Germany, where there always is highest proportion of the old, also experiences the most steady increase, peaking at 25 % in the final year.
Writing Task 2
题目类别：社会类
提问方式：观点类
考试题目：
Some people think governments should spend money on measures to save languages with few speakers from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
(Word count： 329)
Some languages are in the phase of extinction due to the low population of the speakers. A group of people believe that governments should allocate some budget to preserve these languages, but others think that it would not be effective and efficient. The following essay will discuss both opinions, but I believe that maintaining the diversity of languages is an undertaking which cannot be lost sight of.
On the one hand, some people believe that spending public money in protecting minority languages is a waste of money and time. The cost of maintaining the languages would be expensive since there are only a small number of people who speak the languages, and many young people would refuse to learn and speak these languages as well. They believe that the government grant could be allocated for other important matters such as education, public transport and health.
On the other hand, many people believe that it is necessary for governments to preserve the existence of minority languages. Every nation has its own traditional languages which are spoken by their ancestors and descendants, and they have been passing through for many generations. There are a number of myths, legends, traditional and cultural activities which are passed over to the next generation via these languages, as many tribes have no written literature. And if these languages do extinct, then it means that many nations will lose their precious historical cultures. Therefore it is important for governments to take some efforts in maintaining minority languages, though the cost of preserving them might be considered as expensive.
As far as I think, language is not only a communication tool but also the root of a nation’s culture. Therefore, understanding a language is often the key to appreciating the full meanings of a nation’s identity and it could also lead to a sense of national pride. Furthermore, as government is the bearer of our rights, it should have the responsibility to preserve this cultural heritage of all members of a society, rather than just that of the majority. Therefore, I think government should invest abundant money in conserving languages which are used by few speakers in order to protect their own culture.
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