雅思OGtest2阅读passage1原文题目及答案解析【附译文】!第一题正确答案为(retronasal) smell
，根据关键词，定位到第一段的最后一句，这句话中的smell就是正确答案。下面来看剩余题目的全部解析内容。
Question 1
答案：(retronasal) smell
关键词：scientists/ appreciating flavour
定位原文：第1段的最后一句“most important are the slight puffs of air as we chew our food - what scientists call 'retronasal smell'。”
解题思路：根据关键词，定位到第一段的最后一句，这句话中的smell就是正确答案，题目中的 critical是对这句话的important的同义改写，appreciating flavour是对as we chew our food的同义改写，according to scientists, the term是对what the scientists call的同义改写。
Question 2
答案：umami
关键词：savoury
定位原文：第2段第1句“…receptors for the five basic flavors: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami, or what is more commonly referred to as savory.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第二段第1句的后半句。从语法层面上分析，umami后面的句子部分是对umami进行修饰的同位语从句，通过这样的语法分析可以直接确定umami是这题的正确答案。从句子意思层面分析，题目中better-known是对定位句中more commonly referred to的同义改写。
Question 3
答案：toxins
关键词：tongue/originally developed/unpleasant
定位原文：第2段最后一句“They evolved to recognise only a few basic tastes in order to quickly identify toxins ,which in nature are often quite bitter or acidly sour.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第二段最后一句, 题目中的originally developed是对定位句中evolve(进化)的同义改写，recognise(认出)是对identify(识别)的同义改写，unpleasant taste是对quite bitter or acidly sour的同义改写，所以toxins(毒素)就是这道题的正确答案。
Question 4
答案：internal scents/smells
关键词：human nasal cavities/external
定位原文：第3段第3句“Unlike a hound's skull with its extra long nose, which evolved specifically to detect external smells, our noses have evolved to detect internal scents。”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第三段第3句，注意，在定位句中，作比较的有两对主体，一对是动物的鼻子和人类的鼻子，另一对主体是外部气味和内部气味。题目的句子问的是人类的鼻子擅长识别哪种气味，所以对照的是外部气味和内部气味，所以填空题的正确答案是internal scents或internal smells。
Question 5
答案：disciplines
关键词：Gordon Shepherd/neurogastronomy
定位原文：第4段第3句话“Shepherd has come up with the term 'neurogastronomy' to link the disciplines of food science, neurology, psychology, and anthropology with the savory elements of eating.”
解题思路：利用这两个关键词直接定位到第四段第3句话。题目中draw together A related to B (B=the enjoyment of eating)是对定位句中link A with B(B=the savory elements of eating)的结构的同义改写，所以A=disciplines(原则)，就是这道题目的正确答案。
Question 6
答案：spatial map
关键词：dark and light
定位原文：第五段第2句话“The visual system detects patterns of light and dark and, building on experience, the brain creates a spatial map.”
解题思路：根据这两个关键词直接定位到第五段第2句话，题目中的put together是对creates的同义改写，所以spatial map (空间地图)就是这个填空题的正确答案。visual，视觉的，视力的;spatial，空间的。
Question 7
答案：social life
关键词：facial recognition/enjoyment
定位原文：第6段第1句话“This ability to appreciate specific aromas turns out to be central to the pleasure we get from food, much as our ability to recognise individuals is central to the pleasures of social life。”
解题思路：用这两个关键词直接定位到第六段第1句话。这句话是对比的结构，大意是“能够识别具体气味的能力对于我们从食物中获得喜悦感很重要，就好像识别个体的能力对于我们从社交中获得愉悦感一样重要”，题目中的facial recognition就是对于定位句中recognise individuals的同义改写，enjoyment是对pleasure的同义改写，所以填空题的正确答案是social life。
Question 8
答案：(air) molecules
关键词：receptors/recognise
定位原文：第5段第5句话“As we eat, specialised receptors in the back of the nose detect the air molecules in our meals.”
解题思路：利用这两个关键词直接定位到第五段第5句话。题目中的recognise是对定位句中detect的同义改写，所以(air) molecules(空气分子)，就是这道题目的正确答案。
Question 9
答案：flavors/flavours
关键词：brain/identifies/certain
定位原文：第五段最后两句话“From signals sent by the receptors, the brain understands smells as complex spatial patterns. Using these, as well as input from other senses, it(指代brain)constructs the ideas of specific flavors”。
解题思路：利用这几个关键词定位到第五段最后两句话。题目中的certain是对specific的同义改写，注意题目中的identifies(确认)是对constructs the ideas of(创建对某物的概念)的同义改写，所以填空处的正确答案是flavors。
Question 10
答案：memories
关键词：brain/store/odor objects
定位原文：第8段第2句话“Smell stimuli form what Shepherd terms 'odor objects', stored as memories.”
解题思路：根据这些关键词直接定位到第八段第2句话. stored as memories是过去分词短语作后置定语。brain在这句话的上下文中都出现了。store，存储;odor，气味;stimulus (复数stimuli)，刺激;memory，记忆。
Question 11
答案：prey
关键词：seeing/difficult/sense of smell
定位原文：第5段最后一句话“Like most animals, we drew on our sense of smell, when visual information was scarce, to single out prey.”
解题思路：问题中的when seeing was difficult是对定位句中when visual information was scarce的同义改写，use是对定位句中drew on的同义改写，single out是对find的同义改写，所以prey (猎物)就是这个问题的正确答案。
Question 12
答案：chocolate
关键词：illustrate/positive emotion
定位原文：第九段最后两句“The engagement of our emotions …Consider the response to the sharpness of a lemon and compare that with the face that is welcoming the smooth wonder of chocolate.”
解题思路：根据这些关键词定位到第九段最后。最后一句话是对比结构，sharpness of a lemon代表一种情绪，welcoming the smooth wonder of chocolate代表另一种情绪，能代表positive emotion(积极的情绪)的是chocolate。
Question 13
答案：appetites
关键词：controlled/flavour manipulation
定位原文：第10段最后一句话“On the horizon we have the positive application of neurogastronomy: manipulating flavor to curb our appetites.”
解题思路：利用这两个关键词直接定位到第十段最后一句话，题目中的controlled是对curb(限制，抑制)的同义改写，in the future 是对on the horizon的同义改写，所以appetites是这个问题的正确答案。