雅思阅读习题及参考答案解析【实例分析】!本文为大家精选了一些雅思阅读习题，考恒做完之后可以核对答案解析。在雅思阅读备考中考生要多结合相应的有效练习掌握阅读考试题型考点以及解题技巧。
What Do Whales Feel?
An examination of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans, the group of mammals comprising whales, dolphins and porpoises
Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial mammals take for granted are either reduced or absent in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed species are unable to smell. Baleen species, on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional. It has been speculated that, as the blowholes evolved and migrated to the top of the head, the neural pathways serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed. Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.
The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive dolphins and small whales often remark on their animals’ responsiveness to being touched or rubbed, and both captive and free-ranging cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves, or members of the same subgroup) appear to make frequent contact. This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species. The area around the blowhole is also particularly sensitive and captive animals often object strongly to being touched there.
The sense of vision is developed to different degree in different species. Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater — specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whale and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii — have obviously tracked objects with vision underwater, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.
On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward. Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward. By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air-water interface as well. And although preliminary experimental evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy with which dolphins leap high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal evidence to the contrary.
Such variation can no doubt be explained with reference to the habitats in which individual species have developed. For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains. The South American boutu and Chinese Beiji, for instance, appear to have very limited vision, and the Indian susus are blind, their eyes reduced to slits that probably allow them to sense only the direction and intensity of light.
Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans’ well-developed acoustic sense. Most species are highly vocal, although they vary in the range of sounds they produce, and many forage for food using echolocation1. Large baleen whales primarily use the lower frequencies and are often limited in their repertoire. Notable exceptions are the nearly song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the complex, haunting utterances of the humpback whales. Toothed species in general employ more of the frequency spectrum, and produce a wider variety of sounds, than baleen species (though the sperm whale apparently produces a monotonous series of high-energy clicks and little else). Some of the more complicated sounds are clearly communicative, although what role they may play in the social life and ‘culture’ of cetaceans has been more the subject of wild speculation than of solid science.
1. echolocation: the perception of objects by means of sound wave echoes.
Questions 15-21
Complete the table below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 2 for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.
SENSE SPECIES ABILITY COMMENTS
Smell toothed no evidence from brain structure
baleen not certain related brain structures are present
Taste some types poor nerves linked to their 15………are underdeveloped
Touch all yes region around the blowhole very sensitive
Vision 16……… yes probably do not have stereoscopic vision
Dolphins, porpoises yes probably have stereoscopic vision 17………and………
18………
yes probably have stereoscopic vision forward and upward
Bottlenose dolphins yes exceptional in 19………and good in air-water interface
Boutu and beiji poor have limited vision
Indian susu no probably only sense direction and intensity of light
Hearing most large baleen yes usually use 20………; repertoire limited
21………whales and ………whales
yes song-like
Toothed yes use more of frequency spectrum; have wider repertoire
Questions 22-26
Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.
22 Which of the senses is described here as being involved in mating?
23 What species swims upside down while eating?
24 What can bottlenose dolphins follow from under the water?
25 Which type of habitat is related to good visual ability?
26 Which of the senses is best developed in cetaceans?
下面是阅读雅思测试题目的答案解析，一起来了解一下：
Question 15
答案：taste buds
关键词：taste
定位原文：第1段第5句“Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds, the nerves serving these have degenerated or are rudimentary.”
解题思路：根据定位句信息，可知答案是taste buds。
Question 16
答案：baleen whales
关键词：stereoscopic vision
定位原文：第3段第3句“However，the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.”
解题思路：根据定位句信息，可知答案是baleen whales。
Question 17
答案：forward downward (IN EITHER ORDER)
关键词：Dolphins, porpoises
定位原文：第4段第1句“On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward.”
解题思路：根据定位句信息，可知答案是forward和downward。
Question 18
答案：(the) freshwater dolphin(s)
关键词：forward and upward
定位原文：第4段第2句“Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位，可知答案为freshwater dolphin(s)。
Question 19
答案：(the) water
关键词：bottlenose dolphin
定位原文：第4段第3句“By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air-water inter?face as well.”
解题思路：题干中的exceptional和文中的extremely是同义替换，所以根据定位句答案应该为water。
Question 20
答案：(the) lower frequencies
关键词：most large baleen
定位原文：第6段第3句“Large baleen whales primarily use the lower frequencies and are often limited in their repertoire.”
解题思路：根据定位句信息，可知答案是(the) lower frequencies。
Question 21
答案：bowhead humpback (IN EITHER ORDER)
关键词：song-like
定位原文：第6段第4句“Notable exceptions are the nearly song-like choruses of bowhead whales in summer and the complex, haunting utterances of the humpback whales.”
解题思路：根据song-like定位到该句话，可知答案为bowhead和humpback。
Question 22
答案：touch/sense of touch
关键词：mating
定位原文：第2段第3句“This contact may help to maintain order within a group, and stroking or touching are part of the courtship ritual in most species.”
解题思路：这里的mating和文中的courtship ritual是同义替换，所以答案应为touch或者sense of touch。
Question 23
答案：freshwater dolphin(s)
关键词：upside down/eating
定位原文：第4段第2句“Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding...”
解题思路：根据定位句信息，可知答案是freshwater dolphin(s)。
Question 24
答案：airborne flying fish
关键词：follow/under the water
定位原文：第4段第3句“By comparison, the bottlenose dolphin has extremely keen vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne flying fish, it can apparently see fairly well through the air-water interface as well.”
解题思路：题目中的“follow”和文中的“tracks”是同义替换，根据定位句信息，可知答案是airborne flying fish。
Question 25
答案：clear water(s)/clear open water(s)
关键词：habitat/good visual ability
定位原文：第5段第句“For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains.”
解题思路：根据定位句信息，可知答案是clear open water(s)。
Question 26
答案：(the) acoustic sense
关键词：best/cetaceans
定位原文：第6段第1句“Although the senses of taste and smell appear to have deteriorated, and vision in water appears to be uncertain, such weaknesses are more than compensated for by cetaceans’ well-developed acoustic sense.”
解题思路：根据定位句信息，可知答案是acoustic sense。
以上为雅思阅读习题及参考答案解析内容分享，通过实例为大家讲解雅思阅读考题的解题思路。