雅思OGtest8阅读passage1第一题的题目中skill是对ability的同义改写。定位句中的both
activities所指的是前文说的the greatest traders(最好的商人)和establish colonial
network(建立殖民地网络)。这里答案是“seafaring”。下面来看雅思OGtest8阅读passage1原文题目及答案解析【附译文】全部内容，方便大家参考。
雅思OGtest8阅读passage1原文
The Phoenicians: an almost forgotten people
The Phoenicians inhabited the region of modern Lebanon and Syria from about 3000 BC. They became the greatest traders of the pre-classical world, and were the first people to establish a large colonial network. Both of these activities were based on seafaring, an ability the Phoenicians developed from the example of their maritime predecessors, the Minoans of Crete.
An Egyptian narrative of about 1080 BC, the Story of Wen-Amen, provides an insight into the scale of their trading activity. One of the characters is Wereket-El, a Phoenician merchant living at Tanis in Egypt’s Nile delta. As many as 50 ships carry out his business, plying back and forth between the Nile and the Phoenician port of Sidon.
The most prosperous period for Phoenicia was the 10th century BC, when the surrounding region was stable. Hiram, the king of the Phoenician city of Tyre, was an ally and business partner of Solomon, King of Israel. For Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem, Hiram provided craftsmen with particular skills that were needed for this major construction project. He also supplied materials - particularly timber, including cedar from the forests of Lebanon. And the two kings went into trade in partnership. They sent out Phoenician vessels on long expeditions (of up to three years for the return trip) to bring back gold, sandalwood, ivory, monkeys and peacocks from Ophir. This is an unidentified place, probably on the east coast of Africa or the west coast of India.
Phoenicia was famous for its luxury goods. The cedar wood was not only exported as top-quality timber for architecture and shipbuilding. It was also carved by the Phoenicians, and the same skill was adapted to even more precious work in ivory. The rare and expensive dye for cloth, Tyrian purple, complemented another famous local product, fine linen. The metalworkers of the region, particularly those working in gold, were famous. Tyre and Sidon were also known for their glass.
These were the main products which the Phoenicians exported. In addition, as traders and middlemen, they took a commission on a much greater range of precious goods that they transported from elsewhere.
The extensive trade of Phoenicia required much book-keeping and correspondence, and it was in the field of writing that the Phoenicians made their most lasting contribution to world history. The scripts in use in the world up to the second millennium BC (in Egypt, Mesopotamia or China) all required the writer to learn a large number of separate characters - each of them expressing either a whole word or an element of its meaning. By contrast, the Phoenicians, in about 1500 BC, developed an entirely new approach to writing. The marks made (with a pointed tool called a stylus, on damp clay) now attempted to capture the sound of a word. This required an alphabet of individual letters.
The trading and seafaring skills of the Phoenicians resulted in a network of colonies, spreading westwards through the Mediterranean. The first was probably Citium, in Cyprus, established in the 9th century BC. But the main expansion came from the 8th century BC onwards, when pressure from Assyria to the east disrupted the patterns of trade on the Phoenician coast.
Trading colonies were developed on the string of islands in the centre of the Mediterranean - Crete, Sicily, Malta, Sardinia, Ibiza - and also on the coast of north Africa. The African colonies clustered in particular around the great promontory which, with Sicily opposite, forms the narrowest channel on the main Mediterranean sea route. This is the site of Carthage.
Carthage was the largest of the towns founded by the Phoenicians on the north African coast, and it rapidly assumed a leading position among the neighbouring colonies. The traditional date of its founding is 814 BC, but archaeological evidence suggests that it was probably settled a little over a century later.
The subsequent spread and growth of Phoenician colonies in the western Mediterranean, and even out to the Atlantic coasts of Africa and Spain, was as much the achievement of Carthage as of the original Phoenician trading cities such as Tyre and Sidon. But no doubt links were maintained with the homeland, and new colonists continued to travel west.
From the 8th century BC, many of the coastal cities of Phoenicia came under the control of a succession of imperial powers, each of them defeated and replaced in the region by the next: first the Assyrians, then the Babylonians, Persians and Macedonian Greeks.
In 64 BC, the area of Phoenicia became part of the Roman province of Syria. The Phoenicians as an identifiable people then faded from history, merging into the populations of modem Lebanon and northern Syria.
Questions 1-8
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet
The Phoenicians’ trading activities
The Phoenicians’ skill at 1__________ helped them to trade.
In an ancient story, a 2__________ from Phoenicia, who lived in Egypt, owned 50 ships.
A king of Israel built a 3__________ using supplies from Phoenicia.
Phoenicia supplied Solomon with skilled 4__________
The main material that Phoenicia sent to Israel was 5__________
The kings of Phoenicia and Israel formed a business 6__________ in order to carry out trade.
Phoenicians carved 7__________, as well as cedar.
The Phoenicians also earned a 8__________ for shipping goods.
Questions 9-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9 Problems with Assyria led to the establishment of a number of Phoenician colonies.
10 Carthage was an enemy town which the Phoenicians won in battle.
11 Phoenicians reached the Atlantic ocean.
12 Parts of Phoenicia were conquered by a series of empires.
13 The Phoenicians welcomed Roman control of the area.
Question 1
答案：seafaring
关键词：Phoenicians’ skill
定位原文：第1段段尾句“Both of these activities were based on seafaring, an ability the Phoenicians developed from the example of their maritime predecessors.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第一段段尾句，“这些活动都依靠航海，一种腓尼基人的海上祖先发展出来的能力”。题目中的skill是对ability的同义改写。定位句中的both activities所指的是前文说的the greatest traders(最好的商人)和establish colonial network(建立殖民地网络)。这里答案是“seafaring”。
Question 2
答案：merchant
关键词：own 50 ships
定位原文：第2段倒数第2句“One of the characters is Wereket-El, a Phoenician merchant living at Tanis in Egypt’s Nile delta”
解题思路：利用这个关键词容易定位的阿拉伯数字先定位到第二段段尾句，为确定这个人的身份需要再继续定位到倒数第2句，“人物之一是Wereket-EL，一个居住在坦尼斯在埃及尼罗河三角洲的腓尼基商人”。merchant，商人。这里答案就是“merchant”。
Question 3-4
答案：
3. temple
4. craftsmen
关键词：king of Israel/skills
定位原文：第3段第2-3句“Hiram, the king of the Phoenician city of Tyre, was an ally and business partner of Solomon, King of Israel. For Solomon’s temple in Jerusalem, Hiram provided craftsmen with particular skills that were needed for this major construction project.”
解题思路：第3-4题的解析此处合并。根据关键词定位到第3段第2-3句，“Hirum，腓尼基国Tyre市的国王，是以色列王所罗门的盟友和的生意伙伴。Hirum为了耶路撒冷的圣殿这一重大建设项目提供了具有专门技术的工匠”。built是对this major construction project的同义改写，skilled是对with particular skills的同义改写。ally，盟友，同盟者，同盟国;craftman，手艺人，工匠。
Question 5
答案：
5. timber/wood/cedar
6. partnership
关键词：main material/carry out trade
定位原文：第3段第4句“He also supplied materials - particularly timber, including cedar from the forests of Lebanon. And the two kings went into trade in partnership.”
解题思路：第5-6题解析在此处合并，根据关键词定位到第3段第4句，“他还提供了材料，特别是木材，包括黎巴嫩的松木。两个国王通过伙伴关系进行贸易往来”。第6题中的carry out trade是对定位句中went into trade的同义改写。timber，木材;cedar，雪松，松木。
Question 7
答案：ivory
关键词：carve
定位原文：第4段第2-3句“The cedar wood was not only exported as top-quality timber for architecture and shipbuilding. It was also carved by the Phoenicians, and the same skill was adapted to even more precious work in ivory.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第四段第2句和第3句，“雪松木材不仅出口作为建筑、造船的优质木材。它也是被腓尼基人进行雕刻，同样的技术也用于更宝贵的象牙作品”。export，出口。所以这题的答案是“ivory”。
Question 8
答案：commission
关键词：shipping goods
定位原文：第5段第2句“In addition, as traders and middlemen, they took a commission on a much greater range of precious goods that they transported from elsewhere.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第五段第2句，“此外，作为贸易商和中间商，他们通过从其他地方进口贵重货物提取更多佣金”。Commission在文中的意思是“佣金”。
Question 9
答案：TRUE
关键词：Assyria
定位原文：第7段段尾句“But the main expansion came from the 8th century BC onwards, when pressure from Assyria to the east disrupted the patterns of trade on the Phoenician coast.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第7段段尾，“但主要的扩张来自于公元前8世纪起，来自Assyria对东部的压力中断了腓尼基海岸的贸易模式”。Problems with Assyria是对pressure from Assyria to the east的同义改写;the establishment of a number of Phoenician colonies指的就是the main expansion，故题目判断句的正确答案是TRUE。
Question 10
答案：FALSE
关键词：Carthage
定位原文：第9段第1句“Carthage was the largest of the towns founded by the Phoenicians on the north African coast, and it rapidly assumed a leading position among the neighbouring colonies.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第9段第1句，“Carthage是最大的城镇，由腓尼基人在北非海岸建立，并很快在众多邻近的殖民地中担任主导角色”。题目判断句所说的意思与原文不一致，Carthage镇不是通过腓尼基人打仗赢得的，故正确答案是FALSE。
Question 11
答案：TRUE
关键词：Atlantic ocean
定位原文：第10段第1句“The subsequent spread and growth of Phoenician colonies in the western Mediterranean, and even out to the Atlantic coasts of Africa and Spain.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第10段第1句，“腓尼基殖民地随后在西地中海的扩张，甚至到了非洲和西班牙的大西洋海岸”。题目判断句与定位句表达的意思一致，故正确答案是TRUE。
Question 12
答案：TRUE
关键词：empires
定位原文：第11段
解题思路：根据关键词定位到第11段，“腓尼基的很多沿海城市都曾被一系列的帝国控制，在这个区域的每个帝国都被下一个帝国打败和取代”，a serious of是对a succession of的同义改写，conquered是对defeated and replaced的同义改写。题目判断句是对定位句准确的同义改写，故正确答案是TRUE。
Question 13
答案：NOT GIVEN
关键词： Roman
定位原文：最后一段第1句“In 64 BC, the area of Phoenicia became part of the Roman province of Syria.”
解题思路：根据关键词定位到最后一段第1句，“公元前64年，腓尼基地区成为了叙利亚罗马省的一部分”，这句话是Roman在文中唯一出现的地方，关于腓尼基是否欢迎罗马的占领，文中并没有交代，题目故判断句的答案是NOT GIVEN。