2016年8月13日的雅思阅读考试已经结束了，小编依旧在考试后为考生们带来了2016年8月13日雅思阅读考试真题详细解析，下面我们就一起来看这次雅思阅读考试的详细情况吧!
考试概述
本次考试的文章是三篇旧文章，难度中等。第一篇讲了厄尔尼诺现象(以前考试中有出现过厄尔尼诺与海鸟的文章)，第二篇讲了汽车的发展史(之前考试出现过)，第三篇讲了音盲患者。
具体题目分析
Passage 1 ：
题目：厄尔尼诺
题号：新题
文章大意：科学家们对厄尔尼诺现象逬行了大量的历史了解和调査研究(比如对全球各地区降雨、气温变化的调查研究)，以及对此现象的资料搜集，从不认识这个现象到逐步了解这个现象的过程。
Passage 2 ：
题目：汽车的发展史
题型：简答6 +选择题1+配对题5
题目：旧题
A The history of the automobile begins as early as 1769，with the creation of steam engine automobiles capable of human transport. In 1806, the first cars powered by an internal combustion engine running on fuel gas appeared, which led to the introduction in 1885 of the ubiquitous modem petrol-fueled internal combustion engine.
B It is generally acknowledged that the first really practical automobiles with the petrol/gasoline-powered internal combustion engines were completed almost simultaneously by several German inventors working independently: Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on 29 January 1806, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888 in a company later because the famous Mercedes-Benz.
C At the beginning of the century，the automobile entered the transportation market for the rich. The drivers of the day were an adventurous lot, going out in every kind of weather, unprotected by an enclosed body, or even a convertible top. Everyone in town knew who owned what car and the cars were soon to become each individual’s token of identity. However, it became increasingly popular among the general population because it gave travelers the freedom to travel when they wanted to and where they wanted. As a result, in North America and Europe the automobile became cheaper and more accessible to the middle class. This was facilitated by Henry Ford who did two important things. First he priced his car to be as affordable as possible and second, he paid his workers enough to be able to purchase the cars they were manufacturing.
D The assembly line style of mass production and interchangeable parts had been pioneered in the U.S. This concept was greatly expanded by Henry Ford, beginning in 1914. The large-scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted. Ford's cars came off the line in fifteen minute intervals, much faster than previous methods, increasing productivity eightfold (requiring 12.5 man-hours before, 1 hour 33 minutes after), while using less manpower. Ford's complex safety procedures - especially assigning each worker to a specific location instead of allowing them to roam about - dramatically reduced the rate of injury. The combination of high wages and high efficiency is called "Fordism," and was copied by most major industries.
E The original Jeep vehicle that first appeared as the prototype Bantam BRC became the primary light 4-wheel-drive vehicle of the United States Army and Allies and made a huge leap in sale during World War, as well as the postwar period. Many Jeep variants serving similar military and civilian roles have since been created and kept being improved on general performance in other nations.
F Throughout the 1950s, engine power and vehicle speeds rose, designs became more integrated and artful, and cars spread across the world. The market changed somewhat in the 1960s, as Detroit began to worry about foreign competition, the European makers adopted ever-higher technology, and Japan appeared as a serious car-producing nation. General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford tried radical small cars, like the GM A-bodies, but had little success. Captive imports and badge engineering swept through the US and UK as amalgamated groups like the British Motor Corporation consolidated the market. BMC's revolutionary space-saving Mini, which first appeared in 1959，captured large sales worldwide. Minis were marketed under the Austin and Morris names, until Mini became a marque in its own right in 1969. The trend for corporate consolidation reached Italy as niche makers like Maserati, Ferrari, and Lancia were acquired by larger companies. By the end of the decade，the number of automobile marques had been greatly reduced.
G In America，performance became a prime focus of marketing, exemplified by pony cars and muscle cars. But everything changed in the 1970s as the 1973 oil crisis, automobile emissions control rules, Japanese and European imports, and stagnant innovation wreaked havoc on the American industry. Though somewhat ironically, full-size sedans staged a major comeback in the years between the energy crisis, with makes such as Cadillac and Lincoln staging their best sales years ever in the late 70s. Small performance cars from BMW, Toyota, and Nissan took the place of big-engine cars from America and Italy.
H On the technology front, the biggest developments in Post-war era were the widespread use of independent suspensions, wider application of fuel injection, and an increasing focus on safety in the design of automobiles. The hottest technologies of the 1960s were NSU’s "Wankel engine", the gas turbine, and the turbocharger. Of these, only the last，pioneered by General Motors but popularized by BMW and Saab, was to see widespread use. Mazda had much success with its "Rotary" engine which, however, acquired a reputation as a polluting gas-guzzler. Other Wankel licensees, including Mercedes-Benz and General Motors, never put their designs into production after the 1973 oil crisis. (Mazda's hydrogen-fueled successor was later to demonstrate potential as an "ultimate eco-car”.)Rover and Chrysler both produced experimental gas turbine cars to no effect.
I The modem era has also seen rapidly rising fuel efficiency and engine output. Once the automobile emissions concerns of the 1970s were conquered with computerized engine management systems, power began to rise rapidly. In the 1980s, a powerful sports car might have produced 200 horsepower (150 kW) - just 20 years later, average passenger cars have engines that powerful, and some performance models offer three times as much power.
J Most automobiles in use today are propelled by an internal combustion engine, fueled by gasoline or diesel. Both fuels are known to cause air pollution and are also blamed for contributing to climate change and global warming. Rapidly increasing oil prices, concerns about oil dependence, tightening environmental laws and restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions are propelling work on alternative power systems for automobiles. Efforts to improve or replace existing technologies include the development of hybrid vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. Vehicles using alternative fuels such as ethanol flexible-fuel vehicles and natural gas vehicles arc also gaining popularity in some countries.
Questions 15-19
Look at the following statements (Questions 15-19) and the list of auto companies or car types in the box belong.
Match each statement with the correct person A-G.
Write the appropriate letter A-G in boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet.
A the Ford ( American, Henry Ford)
B the BMC’s Mini
C Cadillac and Lincoln (American )
D Mercedes-Benz ( German )
E Mazda F Jeep
G NSLTs "Wankel engine" car
H Maserati. Ferrari, and Lancia
I Jeep
the Ford ( American, Henry Ford) the BMC's Mini
Cadillac and Lincoln ( American ) Mercedes-Benz ( German ) Mazda
Jeep
NSU’s "Wankel engine" car Maserati, Ferrari, and Lancia
15 The company which began the first manufacture of automobiles
16 The company that produces the industrialized cars that consumers can afford
17 the example of auto which improved the space room efficiency
18 The type of auto with greatest upgraded overall performance
19 The type of autos still keeping an advanced sale even during a seemingly
Unproductive period
Questions 20-26
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 20-26 on your answer sheet.
20 What is a common feature of modem cars, engine type since late 19th century
21 In the past, what did the rich take owing a car as?
22 Mow long did Ford's assembly line take to produce a car?
23 What does people call the Mazda car designed under Wankel engine?
24 What is the major historical event that led American cars to suffer when competing with Japanese imported cars?
25 What has greatly increased with computerized engine management systems?
26 What factor is blamed for contributing to pollution, climate change and global warming?
Questions 27
Choose the correct letter, A. B. C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 27 on your answer sheet.
27 What is the main idea of this passage?
A The historical contribution of the Ford's mass production assembly line
B The historical development and innovation in car designs
C The beginning of the modem designed gasoline engines
D The history of human and the Auto industry
参考答案
15. D
16. A
8. G
19. C
20. internal combustion
21. token (symbol) of identity
22. 93 minutes
23. gas-guzzler
24. the oil crisis
25. fuel efficiency/power
26. (gasoline and diesel ) fuels
27. B
(答案仅供参考)
Passage 3：
题名：音盲患者
题型：选择+匹配+判断
文章大息：音盲患者与正常人的差异。
听觉、语言、音乐处理能力与正常人相比，有哪些缺陷。
在某项研究中，对于他们与正常人中对音乐的反应做了实验，也对他们各自的大脑内部结构进行了分析。得出结论，音盲患者大脑当中的某个部分缺失，所以对于音乐的反应会比正常人更加激烈。
也通过了在某些地区的调查研究，证明了虽然隐瞒过患者于正常人相比，缺失了大脑中的某些部分,但他们在书写等其他方面仍表现优异，不能算作是残障人士。
类似文章(仅供参考)：
Amusia is a musical disorder that appears mainly as a defect in processing pitch, but it also encompasses musical memory and recognition. Two main classifications of amusia exist: acquired amusia, which occurs as a result of brain damage, and congenital amusia, which results from a music processing anomaly at birth.
Studies have shown that congenital amusia is a deficit in fine-grained pitch discrimination and that 4% of the population suffers from this disorder. Acquired amusia, on the other hand, may take several forms. Patients with brain damage may experience the loss of ability to produce musical sounds while sparing speech, much like aphasics lose speech selectively but can sometimes still sing. Other forms of amusia may affect specific sub-processes of music processing. Current research has demonstrated between rhythm, melody and emotional processing of music, and amusia may include impairment Symptoms
Symptoms of amusia are generally categorized as receptive，clinical, or mixed. Symptoms of receptive amusia，sometimes referred to as "musical deafness", include the inability to recognize familiar melodies, the loss of ability to read musical notation, and the inability to detect wrong or out-of tune notes. Clinical, or expressive, symptoms include the loss of ability to sing, write musical notation, and/or play an instrument. A mixed disorder would be a combination of expressive and receplive impairment.
Clinical symptoms of acquired amusia are much more variable than those of congenital amusia and arc determined by the location and nature of the lesion. Brain injuries may afflict motor or expressive functioning, including the ability to sing, whistle, or hum a tune (oral-expressive amusia), the ability to play an instrument (instrumental amusia or musical apraxia), and the ability to write music (musical agraphia). Additionally, brain damage to the receptive dimension a fleets the faculty to discriminate tunes (receptive or sensorial amusia), the ability to read music (musical alessia), and the ability to identify songs that were familiar prior to the brain damage (amnesic amusia).
Research suggests that patients with amusia also have difficulty when it comes to spatial processing. Amusics performed more quickly than normal individuals on a combined task of both spatial and musical processing tasks, which is most likely due to their deficit. Normal individuals experience interference due to their intact processing of both musical and spatial tasks, while amusics do not. Pitch processing normally depends on the cognitive mechanisms that are usually used to process spatial representations.
Those with congenital amusia show impaired performance on discrimination, identification and imitation of sentences with international differences in pitch direction in their final word. This suggests that amusia can in subtle ways impair language processing.