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Question 1
答案:isolation
关键词:6800/variety of language/geographical
定位原文:第3段第1句“Isolation breeds linguistic diversity: as a result, the world is peppered with languages spoken by only a few people.”
解题思路:根据这句话可知,语言多样性是由于地理上的isolation。
Question 2
答案:economic globalization/globalization/socio-economic pressures
关键词:government/huge decrease
定位原文:第5段第4句“…the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic pressures...”
解题思路:本题目要看清楚问的是语言消失的原因,and表示并列,因此空中应该填与government initiatives对等的原因,而文中第五段前半部分提到政府政策对语言的影响,但是科学家们也指出,真正致命的原因是社会经济压力。
Question 3
答案:cultural identity
关键词:Increasing appr?eciation/language classes
定位原文:第7段第2句话“But a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direst predictions from coming true.”
解题思路:“increasing appreciation”和文中的“growing interest”是同义替换,故正确答案是cultural identity。”
Question 4
答案:traditional skill
关键词:‘apprentice’/teach/a
定位原文:第7段倒数第4句“Volunteer 'apprentices' pair up with one of the last living speakers of a Native American tongue to learn a traditional skill such as basket weaving, with instruction exclusively in the endangered language.”
解题思路:“apprentice”做为定位词,题干这句话的意思是在学徒计划中,濒危语言被用来作为载体来教授人们一种……,文中的“learn”与“teach”在意思上有关联,而不定冠词“a”之后要填一个专有名词。
Question 5
答案:E
关键词:more than one...
定位原文:第7段第4句“Most of these languages will not survive without a large bilingualism…”
解题思路:题干这句话正好跟文中这句话表达的是相同的意思,而文中有这个观点的正是E选项。
Question 6
答案:B
关键词:in itself
定位原文:“But Mufwene says that preventing a language dying out is not the same as giving it new life by using it every day。”
解题思路:通过这句话可以推测,保护语言本身并不是目标,如何让语言活起来才是真正目的。故正确答案为B。
Question 7
答案:D
关键词:think/determine
定位原文:第6段倒数第2句“‘Your brain and mine are different from the brain of someone who speaks French, for instance,’ Pagel says, and this could affect our thoughts and perceptions. ‘The patterns and connections we make among various concepts may be structured by the linguistic habits of our community.’”
解题思路:这句话话当中提到了说英语的人的大脑与说法语的人大脑的不同,随后提出语言会影响我们的想法和观点。
Question 8
答案:C
关键词:reject/established/way of life
定位原文:第4段最后一句“People lose faith in their culture, When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions.”
解题思路:题干句子意思是“年轻人经常会拒绝接受社会约定俗成的生活方式”,正好与文中这句话“语言的转化意味着传统文化的消失”表达的意思一致。
Question 9
答案:B
关键词:loss
定位原文:第6段第2句“If a person shifts from Navajo to English, they lose something…”
解题思路:文中的shift等同于题目当中的change,而传统文化的存在正意味着人们可以采用不同的观点来看待这个世界。
Question 10
答案:NO
关键词:Navajo
定位原文:第3段第4句话“Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are.”
解题思路:这句话说有15万人在使用那瓦霍语,证明使用者并不是很少,在接下来的一句话当中,作者又表明使语言濒临灭绝的真正原因并不是说的人少,而是说的人太老。
Question 11
答案:YES
关键词:a large number of
定位原文:第3段第4句话“Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.”
解题思路:根据文中给出的证据,即有15万人说那瓦霍语,但是这门语言仍然濒临灭绝,作者推出了题中的结论,这个结论是正确的。
Question 12
答案:NOT GIVEN
关键词:government
定位原文:第5段
解题思路:文中第五段提到了政府,主要是指出政府的政策也是导致语言濒危的原因,但是此后就并未对政府的作用再多做叙述,而是转而论述社会经济压力的重要性。本题是典型的节外生枝型。
Question 13
答案:YES
关键词:linguistic diversity
定位原文:第7段第1句“So despite linguists' best efforts, many languages will disappear over the next century.”
解题思路:这句话表明尽管语言学家已经竭尽全力,但是许多语言到了下个世纪还是会消失。这句话就表明语言多样性的消失是不可避免的。
Question 14
答案:C
关键词:Western
定位原文:第1段第1句“Australia has been unusual in the Western world in having a very conservative attitude to natural or alternative therapies, according to Dr Paul Laver, a lecturer in Public Health at the University of Sydney.”
解题思路:A答案说澳大利亚医生与制药公司关系紧密,属于完全未提及型答案。B答案认为澳大利亚医生总是和其他医师一同工作,与文中所说的事实恰好相反。D答案说澳大利亚医生会开出另类处方,这也是不正确的。只有C答案与文章叙述相符。
Question 15
答案:B
关键词:Americans
定位原文:第1段倒数第1句“Americans made more visits to alternative therapists than to orthodox doctors in 1990, and each year they spend about $US 12 billion on therapies that have not been scientifically tested.”
解题思路:文中这句话说1990年美国人去看另类疗法医师的次数比去看传统医生的次数还多。所以答案B是正确的。而A、C和D答案中提到的比较关系并不存在。
Question 16
答案:YES
关键词:20 years
定位原文:第2段第1句“Disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years.”
解题思路:在过去20年中,由于人们对传统医疗不再迷信,另类疗法在澳大利亚慢慢流行起来。这句话就证明在过去20年里,比以往更多的澳大利亚人开始相信另类疗法。
Question 17
答案:NO
关键词:1983/1990/ a further 8%
定位原文:第2段第2句话和第3句话“In a 1983 national health survey, 1.9% of people said they had contacted a chiropractor, naturopath, osteopath, acupuncturist or herbalist in the two weeks prior to the survey. By 1990, this figure had risen to 2.6% of the population.”
解题思路:在1983年的调査中,约有1.9%的人说他们曾经看过另类疗法医师,到了1990年,这个数字上升到了总人口的2.6%。如果做减法的话,实际上人数上升了将近0.7个百分点,因此题目中所说的增加8%是错误的。
Question 18
答案:YES
关键词:550,000
定位原文:第2段第4句话“The 550,000 consultations with alternative therapists reported in the 1990 survey represented about an eighth of…”
解题思路:题干这句话刚好和定位句的“The 550,000 consultations with alternative therapists”表达的是同样的意思,因此是正确的。
Question 19
答案:YES
关键词:had a higher opinion of...
定位原文:第2段最后一句“The high standing of professionals, including doctors, has been eroded as a consequence.”
解题思路:这句话说的是包括医生在内的专业人士的崇高地位也就大打折扣。这句话的含义就是澳大利亚人以前对医生等专业人士有较高的评价,而现在这种观点已经遭受损害。
Question 20
答案:YES
关键词:Australian doctors
定位原文:第3段第1句“Rather than resisting or criticising this trend, increasing numbers of Australian doctors, particularly younger ones, are forming group practices with alternative therapists or taking courses themselves, particularly in acupuncture and herbalism.”
解题思路:这句话表明澳大利亚正统医生正在接受另类疗法培训,相对于以前他们接受的正统医疗培训来说,这次培训无疑是一种再培训。
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