雅思OGtest7阅读passage3WANT TO BE
FRIENDS?对应考题难度怎么样，具体题目涉及到哪些题型，如何结合原文进行答题。下面一起来看雅思OGtest7阅读passage3原文题目及答案解析【附译文】内容介绍。
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.
Questions 27-32
Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i A shift in our fact-finding habits
ii How to be popular
iii More personal information being known
iv The origins of online social networks
v The link between knowledge and influence
vi Information that could change how you live
vii The emotional benefits of online networking
viii A change in how we view our online friendships
ix The future of networking
x Doubts about the value of online socialising
27 Paragraph B
28 Paragraph C
29 Paragraph D
30 Paragraph E
31 Paragraph F
32 Paragraph G
WANT TO BE FRIENDS?
Could the benefits of online social networking be too good to miss out on?
A
For many hundreds of thousands of people worldwide, online networking has become enmeshed in our daily lives. However, it is a decades-old insight from a study of traditional social networks that best illuminates one of the most important aspects of today’s online networking. In 1973 sociologist Mark Granovetter showed how the loose acquaintances, or weak ties5, in our social network exert a disproportionate influence over our behaviour and choices. Granovetter’s research showed that a significant percentage of people get their jobs as a result of recommendations or advice provided by a weak tie. Today our number of weak-tie contacts has exploded via online social networking. 'You couldn’t maintain all of those weak ties on your own, ' says Jennifer Golbeck of the University of Maryland, 'Online sites, such as Facebook, give you a way of cataloguing them.' The result? It’s now significantly easier for the schoolfriend you haven't seen in years to pass you a tip that alters your behaviour, from recommendation of a low-cholesterol breakfast cereal to a party invite where you meet your future wife or husband.
B
The explosion of weak ties could have profound consequences for our social structures too, according to Judith Donath of the Berkman Genter for Internet and Society at Harvard University. 'We’re already seeing changes, ' she says. For example, many people now turn to their online social networks ahead of sources such as newspapers and television for trusted and relevant news or information. What they hear could well be inaccurate, but the change is happening nonetheless. If these huge 'supernets' - some of them numbering up to 5, 000 people - continue to thrive and grow, they could fundamentally change the way we share information and transform our notions of relationships.
C
But are these vast networks really that relevant to us on a personal level? Robin Dunbar, an evolutionary anthropologist at the University of Oxford, believes that our primate brains place a cap on the number of genuine social relationships we can actually cope with: roughly 150. According to Dunbar, online social networking appears to be very good for 'servicing' relationships, but not for establishing them. He argues that our evolutionary roots mean we still depend heavily on physical and face-to-face contact to be able to create ties.
D
Nonetheless, there is evidence that online networking can transform our daily interactions. In an experiment at Cornell University, psychologist Jeff Hancock asked participants to try to encourage other participants to like them via instant messaging conversation. Beforehand, some members of the trial were allowed to view the Facebook profile of the person they were trying to win over. He found that those with Facebook access asked questions to which they already knew the answers or raised things they had in common, and as result were much more successful in their social relationships. Hancock concluded that people who use these sites to keep updated on the activities of their acquaintances are more likely to be liked in subsequent social interactions.
E
Online social networking may also have tangible effects on our well-being. Nicole Ellison of Michigan State University found that the frequency of networking site use correlates with greater self- esteem. Support and affirmation from the weak ties could be the explanation, says Ellison. 'Asking your close friends for help or advice is nothing new, but we are seeing a lowering of barriers among acquaintances, ' she says. People are readily sharing personal feelings and experiences to a wider circle than they might once have done. Sandy Pentland at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology agrees. The ability to broadcast to our social group means we need never feel alone/ he says. The things that befall us are often due to a lack of social support. There’s more of a safety net now.'
F
Henry Holzman, also at MIT, who studies the interface between online social networking and the real world, points out that increased visibility also means our various social spheres - family, work, friends - are merging, and so we will have to prepare for new societal norms. ‘We’ll have to learn how to live a more transparent life, ’ he says. We may have to give up some ability to show very limited glimpses of ourselves to others.’
G
Another way that online networking appears to be changing our social structures is through dominance. In one repeated experiment, Michael Kearns of the University of Pennsylvania asked 30 volunteers to quickly reach consensus in an online game over a choice between two colours. Each person was offered a cash reward if they succeeded in persuading the group to pick one or other colour. All participants could see the colour chosen by some of the other people, but certain participants had an extra advantage: the ability to see more of the participants' chosen colours than others. Every time Kearns found that those who could see the choices of more participants (in other words, were better connected) persuaded the group to pick their colour, even when they had to persuade the vast majority to give up their financial incentive. While Kearns warns that the setting was artificial, he says it’s possible that greater persuasive power could lie with well-connected individuals in the everyday online world too.
Questions 33-36
Look at the following findings (Questions 33-36) and the list of researchers below. Match each finding with the correct researcher, A-F.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.
33 People who network widely may be more able to exert pressure on others.
34 We have become more willing to confide in an extensive number of people.
35 There is a limit to how many meaningful relationships we can maintain.
36 There is a social advantage in knowing about the lives of our online contacts.
List of researchers
A Mark Granovetter D Jeff Hancock
B Judith Donath E Nicole Ellison
C Robin Dunbar F Michael Kearns
Questions 37-40
For Questions 37-40, choose TWO answers, A-E.
Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.
37-38
Which TWO of these advantages of online social networking are mentioned in Reading Passage 3?
A Social networking sites can be accessed on any day and at any time.
B Online socialising is an efficient way of keeping in touch with a lot of people.
C It is very easy to establish new friendships online.
D Online social networking can solve problems in real-world relationships.
E It can be reassuring to be part of an online social network.
39-40
Which TWO of these disadvantages of online social networking are mentioned in Reading Passage 3?
A Information from online social contacts may be unreliable.
B We may become jealous of people who seem to have a wide circle of friends. C We may lose the ability to relate to people face-to-face.
D It is easy to waste a lot of time on social networking sites.
E Using social networking sites may result in a lack of privacy.
Question 27
答案：i
关键词：无
定位原文：B段
解题思路：速读B段前3句和段尾句，第2句和第3句可以帮助确定段落的标题是I。“We’re already seeing … news or information”(她说，“我们已经看到了变化，例如，在寻找可信任的和相关的新闻或消息的时候，许多人现在的首先选择的是在线社交网络，而不再是如报纸和电视的这样的消息来源”)。对照选项列表，i选项A shift in our fact-finding habits(查找事实的习惯转变)是对B段大意最准确的概括。
Question 28
答案：x
关键词：无
定位原文：C段
解题思路：速读C段前3句和段尾句，第1句和段尾句可以帮助确定段落标题是x。“But are these vast … to be able to create ties”(但是，这些庞大的网络真的在个人层面与我们相关吗?他(Robin)坚持认为，我们的进化根源意味着我们仍在很大程度上依赖于物理和面对面的接触，才能够创造关系)。对照选项列表，x选项Doubts about the value of online socialising(对于网络社交价值的质疑)是对C段大意准确的概括。
Question 29
答案：ii
关键词：无
定位原文：D段
解题思路：速读D段前3句和段尾句，第1句和段尾句可以帮助确定段落标题是ii。“然而，有证据表明，在线网络可以改变我们的日常互动。…… Hancock的结论是，使用这些网站持续关注熟人们更新日常的人，在以后的社交中往往更可能被喜欢”。 对照选项列表，ii选项How to be popular(如何受欢迎)最适合做D段的标题。
Question 30
答案：vii
关键词：无
定位原文：E段
解题思路：速读E段前3句和段尾句，前3句话可以帮助确定段落标题是vii。“Online social networking… , says Ellison”(在线社交网络对我们的健康也有明显的影响。密歇根州立大学的Nicole Ellison发现，社交网站的使用频率与更强的自尊是相关的。Ellison说，从薄弱关系中得到的支持与肯定可以解释这一点)。对照选项列表，vii选项The emotional benefits of online networking(在线社交的情感获益)最适合做E段的标题。
Question 31
答案：iii
关键词：无
定位原文：F段
解题思路：速读F段前3句和段尾句， 段尾句可以帮助确定段落标题是iii。“‘We’ll have to … glimpses of ourselves to others.’”(他说，我们必须学会如何更加透明地生活。我们可能要放弃一些仅仅透露有限个人信息的能力”)。对照选项列表，iii选项More personal information being known(更多的个人信息被知晓)最适合做F段的标题。
Question 32
答案：v
关键词：无
定位原文：G段
解题思路：速读G段前3句和段尾句，第1句和段尾句可以帮助确定段落标题是v。“另一种在线网络似乎正在改变社会结构的方式，是通过支配。…… Kearns警告说，虽然实验设置是人为的，但极有可能的是，在每日的网络社交中，擅长联网的个人有更强的说服力。对照选项列表，v选项The link between knowledge and influence(知识和影响之间的联系)最适合做G段的标题，influence在这里可被视为dominance和persuasive power的同义改写。
Question 33
答案：F
关键词：exert pressure
定位原文：G 段末尾句“While Kearns warns that the setting was artificial, he says it’s possible that greater persuasive power could lie with well-connected individuals in the everyday online world too.”
解题思路：这个观点的关键词是exert pressure，根据主旨标题题，可以确定这个观点出现在G段，定位到G段段尾句，“Kearns警告说，虽然实验设置是人为的，但极有可能的是，在每日的网络社交中，擅长联网的个人有更强的说服力”，题目句中people who network widely是对well-connected individuals的同义改写，be more able to exert pressure是对greater persuasive power的同义改写。这个观点是Michael Kearns的，所以题目的正确答案是F。
Question 34
答案：E
关键词：more willing to confide
定位原文：E段第5句“People are readily sharing personal feelings and experiences to a wider circle than they might once have done.”
解题思路：这个观点的关键词是more willing to confide，根据主旨标题题，可以确定这个观点出现在E段，定位到E段第5句，“人们很乐意分享个人的感受和经验，面向一个比之前更广泛的朋友圈子”，题目句中的more willing to 是对readily的同义改写，confide是对sharing personal feelings and experiences的同义改写，an extensive number of people是对a wider circle的同义改写。这个观点是Nicole Ellison的，所以题目的正确答案是E。
Question 35
答案：C
关键词：limit/meaningful relationship
定位原文：C段第2句“Robin Dunbar…believes that our primate brains place a cap on the number of genuine social relationships we can actually cope with: roughly 150.”
解题思路：这个观点的关键词是limit和meaningful relationship，根据主旨标题题，可以确定这个观点出现在C段，定位到C段第2句，“Robin Dunbar相信，我们灵长类动物的大脑能应付的社会关系的数量是有上限的：大约150人”，题目句中的limit 是对cap的同义改写，meaningful relationships是对genuine social relationships的同义改写，we can maintain是对we can actually cope with的同义改写。这个观点是Robin Dunbar的，所以题目的正确答案是C。
Question 36
答案：D
关键词：social advantages
定位原文：D段段尾句“Hancock concluded that people who use these sites to keep updated on the activities of their acquaintances are more likely to be liked in subsequent social interactions.”
解题思路：这个观点的关键词是social advantages，根据主旨标题题，可以确定这个观点出现在D段，定位到D段段尾句，“Hancock的结论是，使用这些网站持续关注熟人们更新日常的人，在以后的社交中往往更可能被喜欢”，题目句中的social advantages指的就是更被人喜欢的这个现象， knowing about the lives of our online contacts是对sharing personal feelings and experiences的同义改写，an extensive number of people是对keep updated on the activities of their acquaintances的同义改写。这个观点是Jeff Hancock的，所以题目的正确答案是D。
Question 37-38
答案：BE
关键词：advantages/online social networking
定位原文：
D段段尾句“Hancock concluded that people who use these sites to keep updated on the activities of their acquaintances are more likely to be liked in subsequent social interactions.”
E段最后3句“The ability to broadcast to our social group means we need never feel alone, he says. The things that befall us are often due to a lack of social support. There’s more of a safety net now.”
解题思路：题目要求的是找到2个文中作为研究结论所提到的网络社交的优点。文中提到社交网络优点的有D、E段，所以主要在这两段里定位。根据标题题，D段的主旨是How to be popular(如何受欢迎)，E段的主旨是The emotional benefits of online networking(在线社交的情感获益)。
根据D段段尾句，“Hancock的结论是，使用这些网站持续关注熟人们更新日常的人，在以后的社交中往往更可能被喜欢”，可以确定B选项是正确的，keeping in touch with a lot of people是对to keep updated on the activities of their acquaintances的同义改写。
根据E段最后3句，“向我们的社群发布信息的能力意味着我们永远不会感到孤独。不好的事情发生在我们身上常常是由于缺乏社交支持。现在有安全保障了”，可以确定E选项也是正确的。
Question 39-40
答案：AE
关键词：disadvantages/online social networking
定位原文：
B段第3句和第4句“many people now turn to their online social networks ahead of sources such as newspapers and television for trusted and relevant news or information. What they hear could well be inaccurate.”
F段段尾句“‘We’ll have to learn how to live a more transparent life, ’ he says. We may have to give up some ability to show very limited glimpses of ourselves to others.’”
解题思路：文中提到社交网络优点的有BCFG段。根据标题题，B段主旨是A shift in our fact-finding habits(查找事实的习惯转变)，C段的主旨是Doubts about the value of online socialising(对网络社交的质疑)，F段的主旨是More personal information being known(更多的个人信息被知晓)，G段的主旨是The link between knowledge and influence(知识与影响之间的联系)。
根据B段第3句和第4句，“在寻找可信任的和相关的新闻或消息的时候，许多人现在的首先选择的是在线社交网络，而不再是如报纸和电视的这样的消息来源。这样，他们所得到的消息很可能有不实之处”，可以确定A选项是正确的。
根据F段段尾句，“他说，我们必须学会如何更加透明地生活。我们可能要放弃一些仅仅透露有限个人信息的能力”，可以确定E选项是正确的。