An Analysis of Not Given
Reading Procedures 阅读步骤：
Step 1: 在题目中划出定位词。
Step 2: 定位词在文章中定位。
Step 3: 若定位词在文章中无法定位，则看有无同义转换，若无同义转换，那么确定答案是Not Given。若在文章中可以定位题目中的定位词，那就要看一下几个方面来确定是Not Given：
1．题目中有比较结构，在文章中出现此结构，但是比较的对象不同
2．题目中用情态动词表示对未来的预测或者展望，而在文章中没有提及
3．题目中有的相关修饰词（即考点词）在文章中没有相关的同义词的解释对应
4．在文章中出现过题目中的定位词，但是通过结构多样性的比较，两者是没有关系的。
Example:
题目：The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves.
文章：No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics. The athletes must choose his parents carefully.
5. 时间对应信息不一致，导致主体信息无法判断
Example:
题目：There was little improvement in athletic performance before the twentieth century.
文章：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects...
除了以上这些方面之外，还有一些内容学要掌握以确定是否是Not Given。
Ⅰ. 题目中有比较结构，文章中无比较结构则答案判断为Not Given。
例一：
原文: And the future? It is anticipated that, in the years to come, leisure spending will account for between a third to a half of all household spending, whilst it is difficult to give exact figures, the leisure industry will certainly experience a long period of sustained growth.
题目: In future, people will pay less for the leisure facilities they use than they do today.
分析：
第一步：确定题目中的定位词和考点词（关键词）。本题中的定位词是leisure。另外，考点词是pay和一个表示比较结构less...than。
第二步：定位词到原文中定位。Leisure在原文中出现了两次。Pay这个词在原文中出现了词性转换和同义转换，成为了另外一个词：spending。
第三步：原文中定位另外一个关键信息：比较结构。但是原文中并没有出现此结构因此确定答案是Not Given。
例二：
原文: Healthcare providers diagnose insomnia in several ways. One way is to categorize insomnia by how often it occurs. Another way is to identify the insomnia by what is causing the sleep deprivation. The two main types of insomnia have been described as Primary Insomnia and Secondary Insomnia. Primary Insomnia is a chronic condition with little apparent association with stress or a medical problem. The most common form of primary insomnia is psychophysiological insomnia. Secondary insomnia is caused by symptoms that accompany a medical condition such as anxiety, depression or pain.
题目: Secondary insomnia is far more common than Primary insomnia.
分析：
第一步：确定题目中的定位词。定位词是两个专有名词Secondary insomnia和Primary insomnia。而本题的关键词则是far more common than的比较结构。
第二步：定位词到原文中定位。文章中两次出现了以上两个专有名词。
第三步：原文中定位另外一个关键信息：比较结构。但是原文中并没有出现此结构因此确定答案是Not Given。
Ⅱ. 题目中有表示因果关系的表达方式，而原文中并没有此表述或相似结构，则答案判断为Not Given。
例：
原文: Working hours are not expected to decrease, partly because the 24-hour society will need to be serviced; and secondly, because more people will be needed to keep the service/leisure industries running. In the coming decades, the pace of change will accelerate generating greater wealth at a faster rate than ever before. Surveys show that this is already happening in many parts of Europe. The south-east of England, for example, is now supposedly the richest area in the EEC. The "leisure pound" is one of the driving forces behind this surge.
题目：The 24-hour society will have a negative effect on people's attitudes to work.
分析：
第一步：确定题目中的定位词。本题是明显的数字定位。24-hour society是明显的定位词。而本题中的关键词或考点词是表示结果的一个短语have a negative effect on。另外一个定位词是attitudes to work。
第二步：定位词到原文中定位。24-hour society出现在原文的第一句。但是原文中无法定位任何表示因果关系的词组。而且通过浏览原文也无法搜索到有关people's attitudes to work的信息。
因此，可以判断本题的答案是Not Given。