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真题 B
《剑桥雅思7》第68页Test 3 Reading Passage 1 第3~6段
Thebegin
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They(ants) have never mastered fire nor progressed. Their fungusfarming and aphid herding crafts are sophisticated when compared tothe agricultural skills of humans five thousand years ago but havebeen totally overtaken by modern human agribusiness.
Or have they? The farming methods of ants are at least sustainable.They do not ruin environments or use enormous amounts of energy.Moreover, recent evidence suggests that the crop farming of antsmay be more sophisticated and adaptable than was thought.
Ants were farmers fifty million years before humans were. Antscan’t digest the cellulose in leaves—but some fungi can. The antstherefore cultivate these fungi in their nests, bringing themleaves to feed on, and then use them as a source of food. Farmerants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as“weeds”, and spread waste to fertilise the crop.
It was once thought that the fungus that ants cultivate was asingle type that they had propagated, essentially unchanged fromthe distant past. Not so. Ulrich Mueller of Maryland and hiscolleagues genetically screened 862 different types of fungi takenfrom ants’ nests. These turned out to be highly diverse: it seemsthat ants are continually domesticating new species. Even moreimpressively, DNA analysis of the fungi suggests that the antsimprove or modify the fungi by regularly swapping and sharingstrains with neighbouring ant colonies.
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Questions 7–13
Complete the summary using the list of words, A–O, below.
Write the correct letter, A–O, in boxes 7–13 on your answersheet.
Ants as farmers
Ants have sophisticated methods of farming, including herdinglivestock and growing crops, which are in many ways similar tothose used in human agriculture. The ants cultivate a large numberof different species of edible fungi which convert 7....................... into a form which they can digest. They usetheir own natural 8 ....................... as weed-killers andalso use unwanted materials as 9 ........................ . Geneticanalysis shows they constantly upgrade these fungi by developingnew species and by 10 ........................ species withneighbouring ant colonies. In fact, the farming methods of antscould be said to be more advanced than human agribusiness, sincethey use 11 ........................ methods, they do not affectthe 12 ........................ and do not waste 13........................ .
A aphidsB agriculturalCcelluloseD exchanging
E energyF fertilizersGfoodH fungi
I growingJinterbreedingK naturalL otherspecies
M secretionsNsustainableO environment
Theend
【答案解析】
为确保学习效果，请先做题，再看解析。
题目解题思路与答案
7判断要填名词。定位fungi和digest。找到原文。
原文中：Ants can’t digest the cellulose in leaves—but some fungican.该句中可填名词为cellulose和leaves。看选项单词列表，没有leaves，只有C选项cellulose，选出C。
8定位weed-killers。找到原文。
原文中：Farmer ants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi thatmight act as“weeds”…注意control=kill;所以原文中antibiotics就是weed-killer。看选项单词列表，没有antibiotics。失望。再细看原文：secreteantibiotics(分泌出抗生素);选项中M选项secretions(分泌物)可以替换。所以答案为M。
9定位并列结构and和unwanted material，找到原文出处：waste。
原文中：...spread waste to fertilise the crop.用垃圾给农作物施肥。所以答案为F：fertilizers(化肥)。
10定位neighbouring，new species和genetic analysis，找到原文：DNAanalysis of the fungi suggests that the ants improve or modify thefungi by regularly swapping and sharing strains with neighbouringant colonies.
注意到genetic=DNA;constantly=regularly;upgrade=improve ormodify;species=strains;可以判断答案为原文swapping(交换)andsharing(分享)。注意到选项中从词性上判断只有D exchanging(交换)和Jinterbreeding(杂交)可填。从词义上判断该题答案为D。
11定位蚂蚁和人类农业的对比。在原文顺序向下读找不到，只好向前寻找。找到第7题原文出处的上一自然段。其实再往上看一个自然段的末尾部分，在讲蚂蚁和人类农业的对比。
注意要填形容词，什么样的methods。原文：The farming methods of ants are at leastsustainable. 注意at least是和人类农业方式相比较而言的。所以答案是N。
12/13承接上题可迎刃而解了。注意题目中并列结构and，否定词donot，和waste一词在原文的同义表达。所以第12题答案是O，第13题答案是E。
原文选词填空完成句子
填空完成句子解题方法和从原文选词填空Summary一致。可理解为一句话Summary题型。
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