Passage 1
题材：科技类
题目：The history of pencil
题型：填空6+判断7
文章大意：石墨的发现与应用
P1: how graphite was found
P2: the early use of graphite
P3: graphite used in military and controlled by the government
P4: earliest pencil
P5: how HB system was applied
P6: pencils used in the early space research
部分答案回忆：
填空答案
Tree
Rope
Mines
Steal
判断
True
False
Not given
False
True
False
背景知识：
Graphite
Graphite /ˈɡræfaɪt/ is made almost entirely of carbon atoms, and as withdiamond, is a semimetal native element mineral, and an allotrope of carbon.Graphite is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.Therefore, it is used in thermochemistry as the standard state for defining theheat of formation of carbon compounds. Graphite may be considered the highestgrade of coal, just above anthracite and alternatively called meta-anthracite,although it is not normally used as fuel because it is difficult to ignite.
Discovery
Some time before 1565 (some sources say as early as 1500), an enormousdeposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to Grey Knotts from thehamlet of Seathwaite in Borrowdale parish, Cumbria, England, which the localsfound very useful for marking sheep. During the reign of Elizabeth 1(1533–1603), Borrowdale graphite was used as a refractory material to linemoulds for cannonballs, resulting in rounder, smoother balls that could befired farther, contributing to the strength of the English navy. Thisparticular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and soft, and could easily bebroken into sticks. Because of its military importance, this unique mine andits production were strictly controlled by the Crown.
Pencil
The ability to leave marks on paper and other objects gave graphite itsname, given in 1789 by German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner. It stemsfrom graphein, meaning to write/draw in Ancient Greek.
Pencil lead is most commonly a mix of powdered graphite and clay; it wasinvented by Nicolas-Jacques Conté in 1795. It is chemically unrelated to themetal lead, whose ores had a similar appearance, hence the continuation of thename. Plumbago is another older term for natural graphite used for drawing,typically as a lump of the mineral without a wood casing. The term plumbagodrawing is normally restricted to 17th and 18th century works, mostlyportraits.
Today, pencils are still a small but significant market for naturalgraphite. Around 7% of the 1.1 million tonnes produced in 2011 was used to makepencils. Low-quality amorphous graphite is used and sourced mainly from China.
Passge 2
题材：科技类
题目：the return of ice age
题型：单选5+人名理论配对5+流程图填空3
文章大意：
1.New discovery from a painting
2. world climate is predicted to fall
3. A 2002 report illustrating how the world will be influenced by climatechange
4. future results of climate change
5. The rise in sea level will cause serious consequence
参考阅读 C8T2P2 The Little Ice Age
Passage 3
题材：人物传记类
题目：新西兰作家Myhn采访报告
题型：判断5+选择填空4+单选5
文章大意：
1. The features of Myhn’s works
2. the usual settings of Myhn’s works
3. comments on two of Myhn’s works
4. Myhn’s works are liked by more than one generations
5. Another writter’s comment
参考阅读：C9T1P1 William Henry Perkin
C9 T4 P1 Thelife and work of Marie Curie
(编辑：suyan)