一、雅思阅读信息词汇:标题中的信息词汇
标题的形式对文章及段落的形式有控制作用;标题的内容对文章和段落的内容同样有控制作用。下面老师为大家解答雅思阅读解题从标题中寻找答案。
雅思阅读标题为名词性短语。
当标题为名词性短语时,首先要注意核心名词的数。复数预示篇章和段落中信息的并列形式。以剑五第四套题Question1-3为例:
标题:iii Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion. 当中的and预示section A的两段结构。regions的复数形式对应第一段中three types: deserts, mountains and Arctic areas 的并列形式。reasons的复数形式对应第二段第一句和第二句之间的and并列和三、四句间的also关系。
标题:v Some of the disruptive effects of wilderness tourism. 当中的effects为复数,直接指向section B 的第三段第一句的another problem. another problem说明section B为有关 problem的三段并列形式。
启示:文章中并列结构的段落必然对应核心名词为复数的选项。查看段落中有无并列。(and, but, or , rather than, 以及名词并列等等)
标题为 -ing 结构。
当标题为 -ing 结构时,首先注意该非谓语动词是否为持续而非瞬间动作。-ing 结构为持续性动作,可能预示篇章、段落为process或procedure 的形式。例如:1、众所周知的Recycling of waste paper
2、标题Approaching the city 对应的段落中会出现After....soon.... and then这样的词汇。
标题为句子时。
这里只是List of headings 题型解题方法之——段落相面法的一点引言或者其中几个小点而已。时间有限,只能给大家一个思路。#p#副标题#e#
一、雅思阅读信息词汇:表关系类关键词
这四大雅思阅读关键词是:
1. 表示因果类关键词:as a result, result in, result from, lead to, because of, due to, contribute to, owning to, hence, since, accordingly, consequently, therefore, in that, etc.
2. 表示转折类关键词:despite, in spite of, but, although, though, while, yet, otherwise, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, etc.
3. 表示比较类关键词:more, than, less, the least, the most, prefer, equally, likewise, similarly, in comparison, as…as, etc.
4. 表示并列类关键词:first, second…finally, and, or, as well as, one… the other,not…nor…, etc.#p#副标题#e#
三、雅思阅读信息词汇:省略的词汇
为了避免重复,使语言简练紧凑,在不损害句子结构或引起误解的情况下,往往省略一个或多个句子成分或词语。这方面的知识大家可以通过雅思阅读培训进行学习,总结分类雅思阅读题型也是很有必要的。
I、简单句中的省略
The meeting(being)over,we all left the room.
Tools(having been)carried,we went on our way to the fields.
2、从句中的省略
(1)宾语从句中的省略:
1)以“which/where/when/how/why”等引起的宾语从句,在其谓语动词与主句谓语动词相同时,其后的主语和谓语可全部省略,而仅保留一个"wh-"词。
She can’t come,but 1 wonder why(she can’t come).
He will be back,I don’t know when(he will be back).
2)在“I’m afraid,I believe,I expect,I fancy,I fear,I hope,I imagine,I should,I should say,I suppose,I think,I trust”之后的"not"等于一个否定的"that"从句,“so”等于一个肯定的"that"从句。
“Is he sick”一“I am afraid so.”(=I am afraid that he is sick.)
(2)定语从句中的省略:
定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词that。在非正式文体中,关系副词“when/why也可以省略,关系代词后面的主谓结构有时也可以省略。
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met,
He gave the same answer as (he had given)before.
I like the place for the very reason(why)you dislike it.
(3)状语从句中的省略:
1)在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致,或者从句的主语是“it” ,则从句中的动词“be”及其主语可以省略。
Any progress,however small (it may be),is important.
Change the form of the verbs where(it is)possible/necessary.
His opinion,whether(it is)fight or wrong,would be considered.#p#副标题#e#
四、雅思阅读信息词汇:信号词
雅思学术类阅读分为十大题型:
Multiple Choice;
Short-answer questions;
Sentence Completion;
Notes,Summary or Table/Flow-chart Completion;
Labelling a Diagram;
Headings;
1、表达客观结论findings
例词:indicate that, suggest that, find out, conclude that, point out, report that, demonstrate that…
考点:But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops, so any improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood.(C4, P50, T38配对题)
解析:配对题目是典型的人名和成果的配对,我们到文章中定位人名就比较好找到答案,可是人名出现的地方就一定是考点么?不见得。但是一旦表达客观结论的信号词与人名同时出现时,就是考点出没的地方了。这类观点信号词在雅思阅读考试中还是比较容易找到,也就比较容易定位的。
2、表达主观观点statements, opinions
例词:say, believe, argue that, maintain that, claim…
考点:The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places. (C3, P20, T27分类题)
解析:这道分类题考察区分a finding和an opinion.表达个人观点(an opinion)带有一定的主观性,所用的信号词显然与客观事实发现(a finding)的有所区别。除了上面列举的例词之外,很多表达主观想法的雅思阅读考试词汇都可以做这样的判断。
3、特殊符号
例词: ‘word’, ——, word…
考点:In very significant cases of role change, e.g. from a soldier in the ranks to officer, from bachelor to married man, the change of role has to have a very obvious sign, hence rituals.(C3, P48, T37完成句子)
解析:文中斜体的部分其实就是考察的考点,不知道这个词语的意思没有关系,只要能判断,需要填写的单词是斜体部分,照抄过来就可以轻松拿分。
通过我们上面陈列的雅思阅读考试三个大类雅思阅读观点信号词,我相信可以给备战的烤鸭们一点宝贵的做题技巧,信号词与考点是一对好朋友,所以常常信号词出现的地方,考点都会在它的附近埋伏着,要留心哦!同时,要掌握每一类雅思阅读观点信号词对文章段落的结构起的作用和意义,这样有利于我们对段落主旨、上下句关系快速的判断,帮助解题。
Locating Information;
Identification of Writer‘s Views/Claims or of Information in a Text;
Classification;Matching
这里面的绝大多数题型和中国考生所熟悉的四六级考试或者国内英语考试都有很大的不同,所以,考生在备考的时候要尤其注意。