本次阅读难度适中,但是对于一部分考生来说,有一种被天降的馅饼砸中的感觉吧!没错,因为这次的阅读中有两篇是旧的文章,分别是第二篇和第三篇。碰巧做过这两篇的烤鸭们,快去庙里还愿!题型方面,本次考试涉及的题型相对来说较少,第一篇和第二篇文章都各自只有两种题型,以是非题和配对题为主。所以各位烤鸭们在备考期间要对这两个‘小霸王’多多关照啊!
Passage 1 新题
主题:历史类
文章大意:文章讲述在北极发现了一艘沉船,而经过调查,沉船的原因与船内供水系统出现问题有关,因为一些船员有铅中毒的迹象。
题型:T/F/NG 7 填空题 6
备考建议:判断题一直都是雅思阅读的重头戏。作为细节题,它的难度有一部分来自于如何将题目和原文内容进行配对。一般情况下,我们建议用题目中一些醒目的,比如数字,人名,地名之类的信息去原文中寻找对应的内容。但是需要注意的是,如果文章通篇都在介绍一个人或者一个地方,那我们就不能用人名或者地名进行定位,因为目标太多了,一来不方便找,二来也容易对错暗号。
Passage 2 旧题
主题:社科类
原文内容:
Being Left-handed or Right-handed
The world is designed for right-handed people. Why does a tenth of the population prefer the left?
A. The probability that two right-handed people would have a left-handed child is only about 9.5 percent. The chance rises to 19.5 percent if one parent is a lefty and 26percent if both parents are left-handed: The preference, however, could also stem from an infant’s imitation of his parents. To test genetic influence, starting in the1970s British biologist Marian Annett of the University of Leicester hypothesized that no single gene determines handedness. Rather, during fetal development, a certain molecular factor helps to strengthen the brain's left hemisphere, which increases the probability that the right hand will be dominant, because the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body, and vice versa. Among the minority of people who lack this factor, handedness develops entirely by chance. Research conducted on twins complicates the theory, however. One in five sets of identical twins involves one right-handed and one left-handed person, despite the fact that their genetic material is the same. Genes, therefore, are not solely responsible for handedness.
B. Genetic theory is also undermined by results from Peter Hepper and his team at Queen's University in Belfast, Ireland. In 2004 the psychologists used ultra sound to show that by the 15th week of pregnancy, fetuses already have a preference as to which thumb they suck. In most cases, the preference continued after birth. At 15 weeks, though, the brain does not yet have control over the body's limbs. Hepper speculates that fetuses tend to prefer whichever side of the body is developing quicker and that their movements, in turn, influence the brain's development. Whether this early preference is temporary or holds up throughout development and infancy is unknown. Genetic predetermination is also contradicted by the widespread observation that children do not settle on either their right or left hand until they are two or three year sold.
C. But even if these correlations were true, they did not explain what actually causes left-handedness. Furthermore, specialization on either side of the body is common among animals. Cats will favor one paw over another when fishing toys out from under the couch. Horses stomp more frequently with one hoof than the other. Certain crabs motion predominantly with the left or right claw. In evolutionary terms, focusing power and dexterity in one limb is more efficient than having to train two, four or even eight limbs equally. Yet for most animals, the preference for one side or the other is seemingly random. The overwhelming dominance of the right hand is associated only with humans. That fact directs attention toward the brain’s two hemispheres and perhaps toward language.
D. Interest in hemispheres dates back to at least 1836. That year, at a medical conference, French physician Marc Dax reported on an unusual commonality among his patients. During his many years as a country doctor, Dax had encountered more than 40 men and women for whom speech was difficult, the result of some kind of brain damage. What was unique was that every individual suffered damage to the left side of the brain. At the conference, Dax elaborated on his theory, stating that each half of the brain was responsible for certain functions and that the left hemisphere controlled speech. Other experts showed little interest in the Frenchman’s ideas. Over time, however, scientists found more and more evidence of people experiencing speech difficulties following injury to the left brain. Patients with damage to the right hemisphere most often displayed disruptions in perception or concentration. Major advancements in understanding the brain’s asymmetry were made in the 1960s as a result of so -called split-brain surgery, developed to help patients with epilepsy. During this operation, doctors severed the corpus callous — the nerve bundle that connects the two hemispheres. The surgical cut also stopped almost all normal communication between the two hemispheres, which offered researchers the opportunity to investigate each side’s activity.
E. In 1949 neurosurgeon John Wada devised the first test to provide access to the brain’s functional organization of language. By injecting an anesthetic into the right or left carotid artery, Wada temporarily paralyzed one side of a healthy brain, enabling him to more closely study the other side’s capabilities. Based on this approach, Brenda Milner and the late Theodore Rasmussen of the Montreal Neurological Institute published a major study in 1975 that confirmed the theory that country doctor Dax had formulated nearly 140 years earlier: in 96 percent of right-handed people, language is processed much more intensely in the left hemisphere. The correlation is not as clear in lefties, however. For two thirds of them, the left hemisphere is still the most active language processor. But for the remaining third, either the right side is dominant or both sides work equally, controlling different language functions. That last statistic has slowed acceptance of the notion that the predominance of right-handedness is driven by left-hemisphere dominance in language processing. It is not at all clear why language control should somehow have dragged the control of body movement with it. Some experts think one reason the left hemisphere reigns over language is because the organs of speech processing—the larynx and tongue—are positioned on the body’s symmetry axis. Because these structures were centered, it may have been unclear, in evolutionary terms, which side of the brain should control them, and it seems unlikely that shared operation would result in smooth motor activity. Language and handedness could have developed preferentially for very different reasons as well. For example, some researchers, including evolutionary psychologist Michael C. Corballis of the University of Auckland in New Zealand, think that the origin of human speech lies in gestures. Gestures predated words and helped language emerge. If the left hemisphere began to dominate speech, it would have dominated gestures, too, and because the left brain controls the right side of the body, the right hand developed more strongly.
F. Perhaps we will know more soon. In the meantime, we can revel in what, if any, differences handedness brings to our human talents. Popular wisdom says right-handed, left-brained people excel at logical, analytical thinking. Left-handed, right-brained individuals are thought to possess more creative skills and may be better at combining the functional features emergent in both sides of the brain. Yet some neuroscientists see such claims as pure speculation. Fewer scientists are ready to claim that left-handedness means greater creative potential. Yet lefties are prevalent among artists, composers and the generally acknowledged great political thinkers. Possibly if these individuals are among the lefties whose language abilities are evenly distributed between hemispheres, the intense interplay required could lead to unusual mental capabilities.
G. Or perhaps some lefties become highly creative simply because they must be cleverer to get by in our right-handed world. This battle, which begins during the very early stages of childhood, may lay the groundwork for exceptional achievements.
题型:配对题 9 Y/N/NG 4
参考答案:
14-18:C、A、B、F、D
19-22: B、F、D、A
23-26:Y、N、Not Given、Not Given
备考建议:“which paragraph contains the following information?”这样的题目对一些考生来说是最费事、最难的,而且它们时常会作为第一组题目出现。在做这类题目的时候,我们可以先看题目,然后带着题目中的关键信息去读文章;或者我们也可以把这类题目压后做,先熟悉了文本,再来做这类题目,这样会比较节省时间。
Passage 3 旧题
主题:坏境类
文章标题:农业环保用品
题型:完成句子 4 流程图填空 4 选择题 6
参考答案:
27. 第一种药over-the –counter由谁提出proposed by marketing team
28. 由谁设计 engineering group
29. 设计由谁评估 customer prescription-only
30. In-home engineering group
31. marketing *** rather than customers
37. White base and black lettering 会产生什么问题
A. Some people believe , in future 让人们pay more attention to 药品说明
38. Plus point 跟另外一个公司的例子说明什么
A 已经有一些进步
B 说明还有很多需要做
39. 作者最后一段提到***的用意
为了说明这个问题已经在改善
备考建议:在流程图这种题型中,题目中的一些词往往是原文内容的同义替换词,找到了这些词,就能精准地定位。另外,我们还可以通过题目给出的内容判断空格的语法属性,判断出要找的是名词、动词或者其他,这样可以帮助我们检验找到的答案是否正确。