6. In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the
organism's trying to metabolize, or render harmless. the chemical that is irritating it.
(A) trying to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical that is irritating it
(B) trying that it metabolize, or render harmless, the . chemical irritant
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(C) attempt to try to metabolize, or render harmless, such a chemical irritant
(D) attempt to try and metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritating it
(E) attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant
7. Dr. Hakuta's research among Hispanic children in the United States indicates that the more the children
use both Spanish and English, their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and
nonverbal logic.
(A) their intellectual advantage is greater in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic
(B) their intellectual advantage is the greater in skills underlaying reading ability and nonverbal logic
(C) the greater their intellectual advantage in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic
(D) in skills that underlay reading ability and nonverbal logic, their intellectual advantage is the greater
(E) in skills underlying reading ability and nonverbal logic, the greater intellectual advantage is theirs
8. Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used by
equipment. such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by
unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters.
(A) equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that
(B) equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
(C) equipment, such as lights, that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
(D) visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that
(E) visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
9. Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they
believe is a type previously unknown to science.
(A) that they believe is
(B) that they believe it to be
(C) they believe that it is of
(D) they believe that is
(E) they believe to be of
10. However much United States voters may agree that there is waste in government and that the government
as a whole spends beyond its means, it is difficult to find broad support for a movement toward a minimal
state.
(A) However much United States voters may agree that
(B) Despite the agreement among United States voters to the fact
(C) Although United States voters agree
(D) Even though United States voters may agree
(E) There is agreement among United States voters that
Answer to Question 6
Although an "-ing" verb such as trying can sometimes be used as a noun, the phrase the organism's trying to
metabolize in A is unidiomatic because trying is used as the object of organism's. In B, trying that it
metabolize is ungrammatical. The noun attempt could follow organism's; also, it would parallel the noun
enzymes, and parallelism is needed here because the sentence uses the linking verb are to equate enzymes
and attempt. In C and D, however, attempt to try is redundant. Choice E, which says attempt to metabolize, is
best. The phrase the chemical irritant is also the most concise and precise conclusion for the sentence
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because it clearly refers to the dioxin mentioned earlier.
Answer to Question 7
The best choice is C. The phrase the more the children should be completed by a parallel phrase that begins
with a comparative adjective and a noun phrase, as in the greater their... advantage. Only C correctly
completes the structure with a parallel phrase. Choices A. B, D, and E present structures that are unwieldy and
awkward in addition to being nonparallel, and that state the relationship between language use and skills
development less clearly than C does. Also, underlaying in B and underlay in D are incorrect; the meaning of
this sentence requires the present participle of "underlie," underlying, as a modifier of skills.
Answer to Question 8
Choices A and B incorrectly use the plural verb are with the singular noun equipment. In B, C, and E, when
used by does not parallel amount... used by and nonsensically suggests that the people are used by the
equipment. D, the best choice, correctly parallels the amount... used by with that used by, in which that is the
pronoun substitute for amount. Moreover, D solves the agreement problem of A and B by omitting the to be verb
used with visible and placing visible before equipment', the phrase visible equipment is also parallel with
unobtrusive equipment.
Answer to Question 9
Choice E is best. The pronoun that in A and B should be deleted, since the pronoun one is sufficient to introduce
the modifier and the sentence is more fluid without that. In B and C, it and that it are intrusive and
ungrammatical: the idiom is "believe x to be y." In the context of this sentence, the infinitive to be is more
appropriate than the limited present-tense is in referring to an event that occurred long ago but has been
discovered only recently. Finally, A, B, and D lack o/and so illogically equate this particular explosion with the
whole class of explosions to which it belongs: it is not a type but possibly one of a type.
Answer to Question 10
A is the best choice. Choices B, C, and D incorrectly omit that after agree; that is needed to create the parallel
construction agree that there is waste . . . and that the government... spends. Choice E, though it retains
that, is grammatically incorrect: because E starts with an independent rather than a subordinate clause and
separates its two independent clauses with a comma, it creates a run-on sentence with no logical connection
established between the halves. In B, the agreement ... to the fact is unidiomatic, and B, C, and E alter the
sense of the original sentence by saying that voters agree rather than that th
ey may agree.
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