新
众所周知，
例如： In line 7, “impugned” most nearly means
A. contradicted
B. challenged
C. opposed
D. resisted
It seemed strange to see her own name there. It was as if her individuality, her very identity, was impugned by the fact that there should be two Rachel Deanes. (Khan –literature)
Impugn这个词知不知道其实并不是那么重要，因为你要在原句中把impugn当成blank，也就是先把这个词剃掉，It seemed strange to see her own name there. It was as if her individuality, her very identity, was____by the fact that there should be two Rachel Deanes.
所以，这种题更像是完形填空，然后四个选项一一代入，哪个意思、逻辑、语法上最为贴合，哪个就是正确答案。
也就是说，知道四个选项的意思和理解该词所在的那句话的句意是最为关键的，因为考查得是words in context，这个context通常情况下就是词汇所在的句子。但也有极少说是一段，甚至是整篇文章。
解题方法
总结一下，词汇题的基本解题方法是：
把考词在句子中当成blank，理解该词所在句子，把选项一一代入，意思上最合理的一个即是答案。如何才能判断某个词汇是最合理的词汇呢?我们知道，这种题目考查的是words in context，这个context可大可小。小到一个词组，大到整篇文章。因此此类题目的解题方法也随着context的变化而变化。
解题方法1：看搭配(context是一个词组)，适用在考查动词及少数形容词时。
一般在考查动词时最需要考虑的是后面的宾语是什么，搭配进去意思上是否跟原文贴切。与此同时，少数题目还要考虑动词的用法，比如主被动，及物与否。有些题目也要与结构和语义逻辑同时考量，这一点我们最后再说。先看例题：
例1 As used in line 73, “harbor” most nearly means
A. keep
B. contain
C. nurture
D. protect
A somewhat raw piece of meat can harbor lots of potentially dangerous microbes. (Khan –science)
此题很简单，但也最能说明解题方法。把harbor当成blank，句意是：一片生肉_____许多微生物。然后把四个选项一一代入可知contain “含有，包含”是对的。
例2 As used in line 16, “launch” most nearly means
A. eject
B. throw
C. catapult
D. initiate
Though Haast’s eagle could fly-and presumably used its wings to launch brutal attacks on the hapless moa-its body mass (10- 14 kilograms) pushed the limits for self-propelled flight. (Khan –science)
句子中考查动词的词组是to launch attacks，通过launch这个词和原文意思可知这里应该是“发动攻击”，四个选项各自代入的话可知应该是initiate“发起”最合适。词汇题题干的词考得不一定是本意，但选项词考查的都是最基本的意思。
例3 As used in line 32, “handle” most nearly means
A. train for
B. survive in
C. engage in
D. act on
The calcified, or rigid-bodied, seaweed has multiple noncalcified joints that make it flexible yet strong enough to handle that setting. (2017-05-Asia)
如果说上一题题干的动词还跟选项有些近义的关系，那么这道题四个选项跟handle就一点关系都没有了，所以更能体现替换动词的这个考查点。所以strong enough to_____that setting. 在那个环境里足以怎么样。
A选项代入后是足以为那个环境训练，B选项是足以在那个环境下生存，C选项是参加那个环境，D是足以对那个环境起作用。B显然是最搭配的，而且再看一眼句意也符合。
例4 As used in line 67, “demonstrated” most nearly means
A. protested
B. established
C. performed
D. argued
Subsequent research supports this model. Alexander Volkov and his colleagues at Oakwood University in Alabama first demonstrated that it is indeed electricity that causes the Venus flytrap to close. (2017-01-U.S.)
只看搭配的话B选项first established that… 第一次建立这个理论和D选项first argued that…第一次主张这个理论都可以说得通，所以这道题不仅要考虑搭配，还要考虑验证的逻辑。前一句话说后续的研究证实了这个模型，所以后面那句话不能是第一次主张了，因为实验已经可以证实。所以是B。
例5 As used in line 77, “established” most nearly means
A. validated
B. founded
C. introduced
D. enacted
The professor presented the Higgs field with such certainty that for a long while I had no idea it had yet to be established experimentally. (2016-10-U.S.)
此题看搭配完全可以应对，be_____experimentally在实验上被怎样，已经通过实验的那一定是验证，证实了，所以只能选A。不能确定的话还可以看前半句，教授讲此理论时非常确定，也可以证明是A选项。
例6 As used in line 69, “betting on” most nearly means
A. dabbling in.
B. gambling with.
C. switching from.
D. optimistic about.
Even longer-term, Green is betting on silicon, aiming to take advantage of the huge reductions in cost already seen with the technology. (2016-05-Asia)
四个单词分别替换掉betting on, 知道本意的同学容易选B, 但是B代进去就变成了gamble with silicon，与硅赌注，偏离意思了。句意是看好硅，押注于硅，所以D才是最合适的。
例7 As used in line 5, “represent” most nearly means
A. identify
B. portray
C. personify
D. constitute
For animals that live in stable groups, strangers--unknown individuals from outside one’s group--represent a significant danger. (2016-11-Asia)
此题简化后应该是strangers represent a significant danger。看似简单，实际暗藏杀机。
被选最多的是前两个选项，但我们代入后会发现用法上不通。其实，前三个词的用法是sb. identify/portray/personify stranger as a significant danger, 或者是 strangers are identified/portrayed/personified as…. 所以用法上替换不进去，C意思上就不对，所以很容易排除。只能选D，constitute翻译为“是，被看做”，与represent语法上的用法一致。
解题方法2：看句子结构(context是一个句子)，适用在考查名词及形容词时。
通常考名词和形容词的时候需要整句考量，从而确定考词最贴合的意思。但也有些时候能根据某个语言结构或是词组推出。
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