S，…，V+O
错误用法： S, ... , doing+O S, ... , which / that +O S, ... , and +v. +O S, ... , he / she +v.+O
例：The problem of water pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because the treatment and release of industrial wastes are not adequately regulated.(P954.2)
(A) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because
(B) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas and
(C) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas when
(D) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas where
(E) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas and
13. S+V+O;S+V+O→S+V+O;it+V+O it只能指代上一句话的主语。
S+V+O，which…
S+V+O，ving/ved…
例：Conners, a publishing and media services company, is acquiring Dispatch Education, it manufactures school uniforms.(P599.2)
(A) Dispatch Education, it manufactures
(B) Dispatch Education, which manufactures
(C) Dispatch Education, manufacturing
(D) Dispatch Education, it is manufacturing
(E) Dispatch Education, for the manufacturing of
例：Many communities in my state are forming neighborhood watch programs, for it will deter criminals.(P739.10)
(A) programs, for it will deter
(B) programs, in which it will deter
(C) programs that will deter
(D) programs for the deterrence of
(E) programs being able to deter
例：It is hard for some young people to believe that women were at one time not admitted to some colleges, but they have since become coeducational.(P802.8)
(A) colleges, but they have since become coeducational
(B) colleges, but they are now coeducational
(C) colleges, and have since become coeducational
(D) colleges that have since become coeducational
(E) colleges, since becoming coeducational
例：When Catherine the Great had a magnificent dinner service of Sevres porcelain made for her, she was scandalized by its great cost, which became the subject of prolonged controversy.(P987.8)
(A) which became
(B) so it was to be
(C) with a result that it was destined to become
(D) therefore becoming
(E) consequently it would become
排三剩二时口诀：有A选A，无A选短。
定语从句>分词短语>平行句
14. the reason… be that
① the reason… be that
② the reason… because
例：The main reasons students give for failing to participate in the political process is that they have demanding assignments and work at part-time jobs.(P600.6)
(A) is that they have demanding assignments and work at
(B) are demanding assignments and they work at
(C) are that they have demanding assignments and that they work at
(D) is having demanding assignments and having to work at
(E) are demanding assignments, in addition to working at
例：The chestnut, like the oak, is called an immortal tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain alive even after the tree has been felled.(P955. 6)
(A) tree, the reason is that the truck and roots remain
(B) tree, which has a truck and roots that are remaining
(C) tree, the truck of which and the roots remain
(D) tree because its truck and roots remain
(E) tree, whose trunk and roots are remaining
例：The reason for the continued popularity of country-western performers is that it draws on experience with which almost everyone can identify(P955. 10)
(A) that it draws on
(B) that their music draws on
(C) because the music draws on
(D) because of them drawing from
(E) they will draw from