10. 同位语优先
主语，…，VO
1. The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientists to wonder about the composition of the object.
(A) which is leading scientists to wonder about
(B) this development leading scientists to wonder about
(C) and with it scientists’ wonder of
(D) a development leading scientists to wonder about
(E) this leading scientists to wonder on
2. The rare-earth metal dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb of the periodic table.
(A) dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(B) dysprosium is a member of the lanthanide series, it is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(C) dysprosium, a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(D) dysprosium is in group IIIb of the periodic table being a member of the lanthanide series
(E) dysprosium, to be a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the periodic table
3. By the time she was twenty-one, Jane Austen had begun writing a novel which she initially titled First Impressions and which she later called Pride and Prejudice, this is a book that many fans consider her best work.
(A) this is a book that many fans consider her best work
(B) since many fans consider this her best work
(C) the best work that many fans considered it to be
(D) a book that many fans consider her best work
(E) it is considered by many fans as her best work
4. At only four-feet-eight inches and ninety-four pounds, a small frame being necessary for a gymnast, Mary Lou Retton captured the hearts of the American people and won a gold medal in the 1984 Olympic Games.
(A)a small frame being necessary for a gymnast
(B) having a small frame necessary for a gymnast
(C) being small frame necessary for a gymnast
(D) a small frame necessary for a gymnast
(E) because her small frame is necessarily for gymnasts
11.代词pronoun
(it, they, their, which, that)
①singular & plural;
②不能pro-verb, per-sentence;
例：During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.(P599.4)
(A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic
(B) highway and thereby blocking it to all traffic
(C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore blocked
(D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked
(E) highway, thereby blocking all traffic
③不能pro-none;
④ambiguous usage;
⑤一个句子有两个同样的指代，成立前提是必须指代同一内容
―― plague原则
例：The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical.(P615.6)
(A) as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical
(B) as to their practices and their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds
(C) that their practices, that is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as well as ethics
(D) that in regards to defensibility their practices are legally and ethically defensible
(E) that the practices of the operators are legally and ethically defensible