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SAT语法考试中包含18道句子改错题(Identifying Sentence Error,ISE)、25道改进句子(Improving Sentences,IS)和6道改进段落(Improving Paragraph,IP) 题目,大家需要了解SAT语法介词搭配有助于考试提高,还可以参考一些SAT语法讲解的内容。每天练习SAT语法真题。这些语法考试的题目难度依次递增,对考生的要求也不断增加,总体时间为35分钟。
1.一个句子中谓语缺失,或仅有谓语而主语缺失
例: Mary, who is a pretty girl from England, reading a novel with friends, whoregards reading as a great pleasure.
上句是典型的句型残缺,其主语Mary在句子中找不到谓语成分,应该将reading a novel改为is reading a novel.
还有一种情况就是句子的谓语部分是完整的,但是句子缺少一个合适的主语。
例:After dinner, Mary left her dirty dishes on the table. And let cat which was hungry eat the leftovers.
上句中,let为谓语,但是没有主语,所以应当将其修改为:After dinner, Mary left her dirty dishes on the table, and let cat which was hungry eat the leftovers. 这样,let和left构成并列谓语,而Mary是共同的主语。
2.从句单独使用
SAT的改进句子题中,往往是在一个独立的从句前,有一个语法句意非常完整的句子,用来迷惑考生。在该完整句后有一个句号,句号后紧跟一个独立存在的从句。
例:He SAT there reading newspaper every night. As he had been for the past seven nights.
在上句中,as所引导的时间状语从句本应该和前句构成一个完整的复杂句,中间的句号使该句独立存在,形成了Sentence Fragment.
3.双主语情况
SAT的习惯做法是先说一个主语,在这个主语后面加入一些修饰成分,然后再修饰成分后再接上一个完整的句子,而该句的主语和修饰成分钱的主语指同一人或物。
例:Mary, a pretty girl from England, she is now studying in Canada.
上句中,Mary用于句首必为句子的主语,因此应当有相应的谓语成分,但是应接的谓语是is studying前本身带有主语she,导致作为句子主语的Mary没有谓语动词。这样的情况也是SAT常见的Sentence Fragment的形式。而该句的正确表达应该是:Mary, a pretty girl from England, is now studying in Canada.
4.现在分词(-ing)或动词不定式(to do)单独成句
现在分词(-ing)和动词不定式(to do)只能放在完整句子中作句子的一个补充成分,不能单独构成一个句子。
例:Mary always wears a helmet when riding a bicycle. Worrying that she maybe hit on the road by a flying stone.
上句中划线部分虽然有一个从句,但是worrying后的从句没有可依附的主句,所以成为一个fragment sentence.所以应当改成:Worrying that she may be hit on the road by a flying stone, Mary always wears a helmet when riding a bicycle.
再看一例:
例:To explain why she has been so late for class. Mary fabricated a lot of excuses.
同样道理,划线部分也是动词不定式fragment,应当把句号改为逗号,使得动词不定式结构依附于主语存在