Improving Sentences
1.简洁原则
because比because of，aware of， considering;主动>被动;直接>间接;动词〉名词。
例：Anita liked to watch television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating.
(A) television, of which she found the science programs especially fascinating
(B) television; she found the science programs especially fascinating
(C) television, and it was especially the science programs that were of fascination
(D) television; the fascination of the science programs especially
(E) television, especially fascinating to her were the programs
2. run on 句型
SVO，SVO
两个句子相连：SVO，conj SVO或者SVO;SVO
副词和介词不能连接两个句子：SVO，adv SVO或者SVO，prep SVO
adv：①以ly结尾的词;②词根判断法;③however, thus, hence, then, also, even
练习： SVO, thus SVO.
SVO, however SVO.
SVO, but SVO.
SVO, although SVO.
SVO; therefore SVO.
SVO; but SVO.
SVO; although SVO.
例：Since some (A) people are convinced that (B) dowsing, a method of finding underground water with a Y-shaped stick, is effective, but others condemn the procedure as (C) mere superstition (D) . No error(E)(P602.24)
1, Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.
A, weekends, consequently they do not have
B, weekends, they do not have
C, weekends, as a consequence they do not have
D, weekends, therefore they do not have
E, weekends; consequently, they do not have
2.Even the play’s most minor characters work together with extraordinary skill, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.
A, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.
B, a moving theatrical experience is created by their interplay
C, and their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.
D, and a moving theatrical experience being the creation of their interplay
E, with their interplay they create a moving theatrical experience.
3. 逻辑主语Logic subject
doing/done ··· ，SVO.
adj./adv. ，SVO
4. having，being
自杀词：在句子中充当时态的组成部分。
正确：放在句首大写。
例：Having been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen purposely avoided gossips.(P954. 3)
(A) Having been a victim of malicious rumors
(B) Her being a victim of malicious rumors
(C) Her having been victimized by malicious rumors
(D) Because being a victim of malicious rumors
(E) Because having been a victim of malicious rumors
5. 时态tense
6. 单复数singular & plural
5、6常常合在一起考，从动词开始划线
7. 平行结构parallel structure
① doing, doing, and doing / 名词，名词，and名词
② 两者之间的平行
例：Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also that it is dangerous. (P678.13)
(A) know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes
(B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of
(C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes
(D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only
(E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste
③ 同类相比较
8. 固定用法
so that， just as… so， had hardly…when，no sooner…than，…not… any more…
例：The new regulations have so complicated the process of formulating a school budget to where no one on the Board of Education is eager to undertake the task.(P430.6)
(A) budget to where
(B) budget, therefore
(C) budget, even
(D) budget as
(E) budget that
例：Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands on abundance of famous painters, so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects. (P775.10)
(A) so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects
(B) Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers
(C) Finland’s contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number
(D) and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects is provided
(E) and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous architects
例：No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife persuaded him to return to Italy.(P676.4)
(A) but his wife persuaded him to return
(B) but his wife had him persuaded into returning
(C) than he was persuaded by his wife that he will return
(D) but he was persuaded by his wife into returning
(E) than his wife persuaded him to return
例：Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any more than they will remember Wayne for endorsing conservative political candidates.(P677.6)
(A) any more than they will remember Wayne
(B) as will Wayne not be remembered
(C) any more than Wayne will been remember
(D) just as they will not remember Wayne
(E) no more than Wayne will be remembered
9. 双主语
N SVO / N, SVO / N, S, VO。
例：The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.(P863.10)
(A) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.
(B) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, its origins are hotly debated.
(C) Possibly one of Europe’s oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly debated.
(D) The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, are hotly debated.
(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language whose origins are possibly Europe’s oldest.
10. 同位语优先
主语，…，VO
1. The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientists to wonder about the composition of the object.
(A) which is leading scientists to wonder about
(B) this development leading scientists to wonder about
(C) and with it scientists’ wonder of
(D) a development leading scientists to wonder about
(E) this leading scientists to wonder on
2. The rare-earth metal dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb of the periodic table.
(A) dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(B) dysprosium is a member of the lanthanide series, it is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(C) dysprosium, a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(D) dysprosium is in group IIIb of the periodic table being a member of the lanthanide series
(E) dysprosium, to be a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the periodic table
3. By the time she was twenty-one, Jane Austen had begun writing a novel which she initially titled First Impressions and which she later called Pride and Prejudice, this is a book that many fans consider her best work.
(A) this is a book that many fans consider her best work
(B) since many fans consider this her best work
(C) the best work that many fans considered it to be
(D) a book that many fans consider her best work
(E) it is considered by many fans as her best work
4. At only four-feet-eight inches and ninety-four pounds, a small frame being necessary for a gymnast, Mary Lou Retton captured the hearts of the American people and won a gold medal in the 1984 Olympic Games.
(A)a small frame being necessary for a gymnast
(B) having a small frame necessary for a gymnast
(C) being small frame necessary for a gymnast
(D) a small frame necessary for a gymnast
(E) because her small frame is necessarily for gymnasts