that用法例题
1、According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is good for cardiac health.
A. wild animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is
B. wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be
C. wild animals have less total fat than that of livestock fed on grain and have more fat of a kind thought to be
D. total fat of wild animals is less than livestock fed on grain and they have more fat of a kind thought to be
E. total fat is less in wild animals than that of livestock fed on grain and more of their fat is of a kind they think is
题干结构：wild animals have fat than that of livestock
语义理解：通过对野生动物和家畜之间的肉的营养价值进行比较，野生动物比以谷物喂养的家畜有更少的总脂肪，并有更多一种被认为是有益于心脏健康的脂肪。
做题步骤分析：C选项：①首先找划线部分that的先行词，前述名词中能与that对应并符合语义的为total fat;②把total fat带入划线部分替换that后，逻辑语义正确，代词使用正确
选项分析：
A.wild animals have more of a kind of fat is good for cardiac health，显然此句同时有have和is两个谓语
B.than前后比较对象不一样，前面为total fat后面为livestock
C.正确
D.同B
E.total fact is more of their fat is of a kind is good for cardiac health，显然此句有多个is同时引导多个表语
2、The reasons for yesterday’s sharp rise in the stock market were much the same as that behind last week’s rally: a surge in the economy to a 5.6 percent annual growth rate and improved corporate earnings balanced by the lack of signs of inflationary pressure.
A. that
B. those
C. what was
D. for that
E. they were
题干结构：the reasons ........were much the same as those.........
语义理解：昨天股票市场大幅上升的原因和上星期的反弹是几乎一样的：经济每年增长率达到5.6%并提升公司
做题步骤分析：①首先找划线部分that的先行词;②根据语义理解及代词不优先指代介词短 语中的名词，只有reasons可能是先行词，因此为了保持先行词与代词的单复数一致，that应该被those取代
选型分析：
A.代词使用错误，应与先行词保持相同单复数形式
B.正确
C.改变逻辑语义，the same as前后应该保持比较对象的一致
D.同D
E.they指代的是前面出现过的被特定修饰的词语，是“the reasons for yesterday’s sharp rise in the stock market”，逻辑语义不符
引申：
It 与that, they与these、those的区别：
It与they指代的是句子中出现的特定一个名词，that与those指代的是句子中出现的名词的同类词语
例如：The climate of Beijing is similar to that of Tianjing. 使用that指代前面出现的climate，表示天气
The climate of Beijing is similar to it of Tianjing. 此处逻辑显然是错误的，it指代成了“北京的climate”，而不仅仅是“climate”。
Red cars over there are great. They run fast, too.此处they指代的就是前面出现的red cars
Red cars over there are great, but these cars here are good, too. 此处these cars 与前一句的red cars不再是同一论述对象。
3、For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries.
A. Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained
B. have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining
C. have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
D. the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained
E. the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
题干结构：the Dutch economy has grown faster than the economies of ...........
语义理解：过去五年中，荷兰经济增长得比英国、法国、德国这些国家快，失业率也比这些国家低。
做题步骤：B选项：①首先找划线部分those的先行词，前面没有逻辑语义符合的复数名词与之对应;②结合语义，此处进行比较的是经济，且是三个国家的经济，因此直接用economies#p#分页标题#e#
选项分析：
A.前面比较对象不一致，前面在说经济，后面在论述国家
B.those使用错误
C.同A
D.此处论述的是三个国家的经济，因此不应该用单数economy，且with有只修饰Germany 的歧义
E.正确
引申：
此处用those因前面没有同样的复数名词来作为先行词而被排除，但如果用that呢?
That指代前面的economy，带入后半句为the economy of Britain, France and Germany，因此是三个国际的经济，所以应该用economies。that, those都不对。
因此，当前面出现的是一个单数名词，后面却需要一个复数代词与之对应时，为了逻辑语义正确，后面直接用复数名词代替即可。
4、The quality of early pieces of blown glass excavated in Italy and Western Europe by far surpass those of pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, when regarded not only in terms of the variety of shapes represented, but also in terms of decorative techniques and functionality.
A. by far surpass those of pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, when regarded not only in terms of
B. surpasses by far those from the eastern Mediterranean, with regard not only to
C. far surpass that of pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, not only regarding
D. far surpasses that of the eastern Mediterranean, with regard to not only
E. far surpasses that of pieces from the eastern Mediterranean, not only with regard to(E)
题干结构：the quality of...........surpasses that of .....................
语义理解：在意大利和西欧早期挖掘的玻璃的质量远远超过东地中海挖掘的玻璃的质量，不只是从形状多样性来说，而且装饰技术以及功能。
做题步骤：①首先寻找划线部分those的先行词，前面没有与之对应的复数名词;②结合语义，此处想要表达的是玻璃碎片的质量，因此先行词与代词单复数不一致
选项分析：
A.those使用错误
B.those使用错误
C.主谓一致，前面是quality这个单数名词作为主语，应使用单数谓语
D.逻辑意思错误，成为东地中海的质量
E.正确
通过上面对代词that的分析，我们就可以看到