根据官方的相关解释,平行结构的定义是多个语法和作用类似的部分,我们在使用并列连词或词组将他们组装并且连接起来,构成一个整体的句子的相关内容,今天为大家重点讲解的就是平行结构 sat语法的相关内容!
新SAT文法考试中Standard English Conventions部分针对Parallel structure平行结构考点提到“In other cases, the problem will be a lack of parallel structure— a failure to treat grammatically similar structures in a series in the same way”。从中不难发现,新SAT文法考试要求我们用相同的方式来处理一系列语法相似的结构。而这grammatically similar structures不仅要求语法形式一致,还要求语法功能一致。语法形式方面要求相同词形对应相同词形,短语对应短语,从句对应从句;同时,注意时态等保持一致。语法功能方面要求构成平行结构的词语,短语或从句等在句中充当相似的语法功能。
大家可以先试做下面这个题目,再看题后的详细分析:
例题 [可汗- Chemists for Clean Water- Q9]9 A career in water chemistry leading to exciting travel and teaching opportunities, and working to decontaminate water supplies around the world is a rewarding experience for those who undertake it.
9. A) NO CHANGE
B) Careers in water chemistry leading
C) A career in water chemistry that leads
D) A career in water chemistry can lead
此题很多考生很容易把“leading to exciting travel and teaching opportunities”和“working to decontaminate water supplies”当成并列结构,认为在语法形式上,两个都是非谓语短语,符合语法形式一致原则。所以他们认为该句的句子主干是“A career is a rewarding experience for those who undertake it”,此题应该选A。
但是如果真是这样就太天真呢。我们在理解平行结构的时候,不仅要注意语法形式一致,还要注意它们的语法功能是否一致。在该题中,照上述理解,大家思考一下,“leading to exciting travel and teaching opportunities”和“working to decontaminate water supplies”分别能对其前的“a career”进行修饰吗?很快就会发现“a career”可以“leading to exciting travel and teaching opportunities”,但是绝不会“working to decontaminate water supplies”,因为“working to decontaminate water supplies致力于消除水污染”的动作发出者往往是“人”,而不是“物”。因此,该题中真正对“a career”进行修饰的是“leading to exciting travel and teaching opportunities”。
分析到这,估计有部分学生疑问“working to decontaminate water supplies”会不会和前面的“a career”并列呢?其实这个问题很简单,从语法形式就会知道,“名词”和“非谓语短语”不能构成平行结构;另外,从主谓一致也会发现,“a career and working to decontaminate water supplies”不可能用单数“is”,所以“working to decontaminate water supplies”不和“a career”并列。
既然如此,“working to decontaminate water supplies”只会和其后的“is a rewarding experience for those who undertake it”有关,构成一个独立句子,“and”将其和前面并列构成平行结构。该题中 “a career in water chemistry leading to exciting travel and teaching opportunities”也应该是一个独立句子,所以该题最终的正确答案应该是D。
在新SAT文法考试中碰见平行结构,强烈建议大家不能凭眼缘一厢情愿地只关注“语法形式一致”原则,也要关注“语法功能一致”原则。
以上就是小编为大家准备的平行结构 sat语法的相关内容,希望对大家的备考有所帮助,更多精彩内容敬请关注