gre阅读长难句实例解析（1）
首先我们来快速浏览以下这段话(节选自某文学评论长阅读真题)，找出共有几个句子：
In what, as one reviewer put it, was “clearly intended to be a realistic novel,” many reviewers perceived violations of the conventions of the realistic novel form, pointing out variously that late in the book, the narrator protagonist Celie and her friends are propelled toward a happy ending with more velocity than credibility, that the letters from Nettie to her sister Celie intrude into the middle of the main action with little motivation or warrant, and that the device of Celie’s letters to God is especially unrealistic inasmuch as it forgoes the concretizing details that traditionally have given the epistolary novel (that is, a novel composed of letters) its peculiar verisimilitude: the ruses to enable mailing letters, the cache, and especially the letters received in return.
What?! 只发现了一个句号?是的，你没有看错，本句126个词，长度已相当于一篇
首先我们要明确什么叫做真正读懂了一个长难句：
1)基础要求——从语法的角度：
要找到整个长句由哪些分句构成，接着找到每个分句的主干，也就是主语(动作发出者)、谓语(主语对宾语发出的动作，即主语和宾语之间的关系)、宾语(动作承受者)。除这三个成分之外，其他的成分都是起修饰作用：什么样的主语、什么样的宾语、在什么条件或情况下产生了什么效果地发生了动作。遇到插入语先跳过，看完主干后再回读。
2)进阶要求——从句子功能的角度：
要理解每个分句之间的关系是什么，整个句子阐述了什么观点或事实。
3)终极要求——在上下文中起什么作用(为了关注句子本身的拆解过程，因篇幅所限，本系列不展开讨论)。
好了，两分钟开始计时，按步骤做到位，你能行。
第一步，切分句，每个分句是最小单位的主谓结构(有的分句会省略主语)。这么长的句子，囫囵吞枣会噎死;切成一小块一小块，才好下咽。具体按什么规则切呢?每当我们找到连词(见注意事项2)、关系代词或分号这些“标志”时，就可以把长长的句子切开，最终形成多个分句。
你可能会问，为什么要用这些“标志”来切句子?因为，英语语法规定，只有这些“标志”才能连接两个完整的主谓结构。我们来看个简单的例子：
She is a smart girl. She always enjoys solving difficult problems.
如何把这两个独立的句子连成一句呢?
我们可以用“标志”：
She is a smart girl, and she always enjoys solving difficult problems.
或者 She is a smart girl who always enjoys solving difficult problems.
注意：无论用“and”还是“who”连接，原先第二句话中的谓语仍在分句中做谓语。
我们也可以不用“标志”，但需要把第二句的谓语变一个形式：
She is a smart girl, always enjoying solving difficult problems.
注意：在这种情况下，原先第二句话中的谓语“enjoys”需要变成非谓语形式“enjoying”。
道理明白了，我们来应用上述“标志”，切出所有分句：
In what, as one reviewer put it, was “clearly intended to be a realistic novel,” many reviewers perceived violations of the conventions of the realistic novel form, pointing out variously that late in the book, the narrator protagonist Celie and <连词连接了两个名词，因此不能从此处切成两个分句> her friends are propelled toward a happy ending with more velocity than credibility, that the letters from Nettie to her sister Celie intrude into the middle of the main action with little motivation or warrant, and <连词连接了后两个宾语从句，因此不能从此处切成两个分句，表示三个宾语从句成并列关系> that the device of Celie’s letters to God is especially unrealistic inasmuch as it forgoes the concretizing details that traditionally have given the epistolary novel (that is, a novel composed of letters) its peculiar verisimilitude: <冒号也可以切分句，但是冒号后面的内容不一定含谓语，故不需要多找出来一个谓语> the ruses to enable mailing letters, the cache, and <连词连接了后两个名词，因此不能从此处切成两个分句> especially the letters received in return.
注意事项
1)正确判断哪些是连词。Warning: “but”是副词而不是连词!另外，有的词(如"as")在某些情况下作连词，某些情况下作副词。
2)连词虽然可以连接两个主谓结构，但and，but，or，nor这些连词也常用于连接多个不含谓语的并列成分(如形容词、副词、名词、从句等)。在这类情况下，就不要从这个连词处切分句啦。因此，所谓的“连词”特指“连接两个谓语的连词”。
3)关系代词包括which, what, who, whom, whoever, that, whatever, why等。其中that,
which, whom可能被省略，要记得同样需要在此处做切分。