126. The public is well aware that high blood cholesterol levels raise the risk of stroke caused by blood clots, but a recent report concludes that people with low blood cholesterol levels are at increased risk of the other lethal type of stroke---cerebral hemorrhage, caused when a brain artery busts. The report suggests that because blood cholesterol plays a vita role in maintaining cell membranes, low blood cholesterol weakens artery walls, making them prone to rupture. The conclusion thus supports a long-standing contention by Japanese researchers that Western diets better protect against cerebral hemorrhage than do non-Western diets.
The argument is based on which one of the following assumption?
A. Western diets are healthier than non-Western diets.
B. Western diets result in higher blood cholesterol levels than do non-Western diets.
C. High blood cholesterol levels preclude the weakening of artery walls.
D. Cerebral hemorrhages are more dangerous than strokes caused by blood clots.
E. People who have low blood pressure are at increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage.
The passage provides us with information of the relationship between stroke and the level of blood cholesterol. but the conclusion is about the relationship between diet and hemorrhage. so there is a gap here. We must find the bridge. Only B, the right answer, closes the gap.
127. Anthropologists assert that cultures advance only when independence replaces dependence---that is, only when imposition by outsiders is replaced by initiative from within. In other words, the natives of a culture are the only ones who can move that culture forward. Non-natives may provide valuable advice, but any imposition of their views threatens independence and thus progress. If one looks at individual schools as separate cultures, therefore, the key to educational progress is obvious:
which one of the following best completes the passage?
A. individual schools must be independent of outside imposition
B. some schools require more independence than others, depending on the initiative of their staffs and students
C. school systems officials must tailor their initiatives for change to each individual school in the system
D. outsiders must be prevented from participation in schools’ efforts to advance
E. the more independent a school is, the more educational progress it will make
答案:A
A可由文中可得到: cultures advance必要条件是 when independence replaces dependence---that is, only when imposition by outsiders is replaced by initiative from within, 而问题问的是: educational progress, 所以根据cultures advance的必要条件可以推出A, Assumption: individual schools as separate cultures
B，C，E无
D错误，因为: Non-natives may provide valuable advice
128. The public in the United States has in the past been conditioned to support a substantial defense budget by the threat of confrontation with the Eastern bloc. Now that that threat is dissolving, along with the Eastern bloc itself, it is doubtful whether the public can be persuaded to support an adequate defense budget.
Which one of the following indicates a weakness in the position expressed above?
A. It presupposes that public opinion can be manipulated indefinitely, without the public’s becoming aware of that manipulation.
B. It refers to past and present events that do not have a causal connection with public support of the budget.
C. It assumes as fact what it seeks to establish by
D. It fails to give any reason for the judgment it reaches.
E. It hinges on the term “adequate”, the precise meaning of which requires reevaluation in the new context.
答案:E
A. 不关题意
B. 错误, causal connection文中有
C. 无
D. 错误, reason文中有
E. 因为在开始文中只提到a substantial defense budget , 而后面却说的是support an adequate defense budget. “adequate”在这里是一个概念很模糊的词,因为很多可以说成adequate,而很少也可以说成adequate, 这主要看被要求的情况.并且public有可能不支持很大数量的defense budget,却有可能支持很小数量的defense budget.
129. Behind the hope that computers can replace teachers is the idea that the student’s understanding of the subject being taught consists in knowing facts and rules, the job of a teacher being to make the facts and rules explicit and convey them to the students, either by practice drills or by coaching. If that were indeed the way the mind works, the teacher could transfer facts and rules to the computer, which could replace the teacher as drillmaster and coach. But since understanding does not consist merely of knowing facts and rules, but of the grasp of the general concepts underlying them, the hope that the computer will eventually replace the teacher is fundamentally misguided.
Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the author’s conclusion that computers will not eventually be able to replace teachers?
A. Computers are as good as teachers at drilling students on facts and rules.
B. The job of a teacher is to make students understand the general concepts underlying specific facts and rules.
C. It is possible to program computers so that they can teach the understanding of general concepts that underlie specific facts and rules.
D. Because they are not subject to human error, computers are better than teachers at conveying facts and rules.
E. It is not possible for students to develop an understanding of the concepts underlying facts and rules through practice drills and coaching.
答案:C
A. 不是主要的weaken
B. 不关题意
C. 因为Premise: The computers cannot make students to grasp of the general concepts underlying them Conclusion: The computer will not eventually replace the teacher，而C直接补上了这个空缺
D. 不关题意
E. 反，正好支持了作者的观点
130. The mind and the immune system have been shown to be intimately linked, and scientists are consistently finding that doing good deeds benefits one’s immune system. The bone marrow and spleen, which produce the white blood cells needed to fight infection, are both connected by neural pathways to the brain. Recent research as shown that they activity of these white blood cells is stimulated by beneficial chemicals produced by the brain as a result of magnanimous behavior.
The statements above, if true, support the view that
A. good deeds must be based on unselfish motives lack of magnanimity is the cause of most serious illnesses.
B. magnanimous behavior can be regulated by the presence of absence of certain chemicals in the brain.
C. magnanimous behavior can be regulated by the presence or absence of certain chemicals in the brain.
D. magnanimity is beneficial to one’s own interests
E. the number of white blood cells will increase radically if behavior is consistently magnanimous
Reference:
In my view, the reasoning in this argument is that:
magnanimous behavior beneficial chemicals produced by the brain they activity of these white blood cells fight infection
So, the correct answer is D.
A is out of scope. Because unselfish motives is not mentioned in this argument.
B and C have the same mistake. From the above reasoning , it is clear that because of magnanimous behavior, some beneficial chemicals were produced by the brain. But the statement of B and C fail to convince us that magnanimous behavior can be regulated by the presence of absence of certain chemicals in the brain.
E is out of scope. The argument fails to establish the casual relationship between the number of white blood and the rate of magnanimous behavior.