考生在
21.=While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct/，the one papyrus fragment/ raises the specter/ that another may be unearthed/， showing/，for instance/，that it was a posthumous production/ of the Danaid tetralogy/ which bested Sophocles/，and throwing the date/ once
more into utter confusion.
#尽管这个新学说看起来几乎一定正确/，可是这个莎草纸的残片/却引起了恐惧/，即另外一个残片可能会被挖掘出来/，显示出/，比如说/，它是作者死后发表的遗作/ Danaid 四部曲的一部/它击败了 Sophocles/，这样就置于作品的年代/又一次/在极度的混乱之中。
22.=The methods/ that a community devises to perpetuate itself/ come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy/ that that community perceives as essential/.
#这个方法/一个社会所创造出来以使其自身永久保存下去/得以形成以保存各个方面文化遗产的/在这个社会被认为是有本质意义的。
23.=Because the potential hazards/ pollen grains are subject to/ as they are transported over long distances/ are enormous/，wind pollinated plants/ have/，in the view above/，compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen/ through happenstance/ by virtue of producing an amount of pollen/ that is one to three orders of magnitude greater/ than the amount/ produced by species pollinated by insects.
#由于潜在危险/花粉颗粒所要面临的/在其长距离的运输过程中/是巨大的/，由风授粉的植物/，按上述观点来看/，已经补偿了伴随产生的花粉损失/通过偶然事件而导致的/;它通过制造出花粉量/一至三个数量级多
/比花粉量/产生的昆虫授粉的植物种类。
24.=For example，the spiral arrangement/ of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones/，where the female reproductive organs of conifers/ are located/，is important to the production of airflow patterns/ that spiral over the cone’s surfaces/，thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.
#例如，螺旋状排列/ scale-bract 综合体的带有胚珠的松球的/，雌性生殖器官针叶植物的/所在的位置/，尤其重要对于产生气流模式的/，(这些气流模式)盘旋上升/在松球的表面/，从而传递在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞至下一个鳞苞。
25.=It was not the change in office technology/，but rather the separation of secretarial work/，previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers/，from administrative work/ that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs/，thenceforth considered "women’s work."
#这并不是因为变化在办公室技术上/，而是由于分离秘书工作/——在此之前被视作习见训练对于刚刚起步的经理们来说/，——与行政工作/这在一种十九世纪八十年代，产生了新的一类“没前途”的职业/，自此以后，便被视作是“女人的工作”。
26.=The increase/ in the numbers of married women/ employed outside the home/ in the twentieth century/ had less to do with the mechanization of housework/ and an increase in leisure time/ for these women/ than it did with their own economic necessity/ and with high marriage rates/ that shrank the available pool of single women workers/，previously/，in many cases/，the only women/ employers would hire.
#增加/人数已婚妇女的/在家庭以外就业/在二十世纪/，这并无多大联系与家务活的机械化/和增加闲暇时间这些妇女的/，更多的是相关与妇女自身的经济需要和高结婚率/(高婚姻率)使得萎缩所能雇佣的单身女工的总量/，在此之前/，许多情形中/，(单身女性)则是唯一的一类妇女/雇主们所愿雇佣的。
27.=In order to understand the nature/ of the ecologist’s investigation/， we may think of the density-dependent effects/ on growth parameters/ as the "signal"/ ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret/，one that tends to make the population/ increase from relatively low values/ or decrease from relatively high ones/，while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise"/ in the population dynamics.
#为了能理解本质/生态学家们所进行的研究的/，我们可以考虑密度依赖效应/对于增长参数的/作为“信号”的/生态学家们试图将其分离并予以解释的/，(这一信号)倾向于使种群数量/增加从相对较低的数值/，或减少从相对较高的数值/;而与此同时，那些密度独立效应的作用产生“噪音”/在种群动态变化中的。
28.=But the play’s complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible/ is no more "contradictory"/ than Du Bois’ famous，well-considered ideal/ of ethnic self-awareness/ coexisting with human unity/，or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism/ that also accommodates national identities and roles.
#但是这部剧的这一复杂观点/把黑人自尊和人类团结看作是和谐的/并不矛盾/比 Du Bois 的著名的、深思熟虑的理想/民族自觉意识的/共存和人类大同/;或 Fanon 的强调/对于理想的国际主义/, (这一理想)同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。
29.=Inheritors/ of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century/ Progressive historians/ such as Beard and Becker/，these recent historians/ have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.
#继承者/某些观点的二十世纪早期的/, “进步派”史学家/如 Beard 和
Becker 等人/，这些近期的史学家/所提出的观点/它值得我们予以评价。
30.=Despite these vague categories/，one should not claim unequivocally/ that hostility between recognizable classes/ cannot be legitimately observed.
#尽管存在这些模糊的分类/，但我们不应该声称断然地/，敌对态度在各个易于辨认出的阶层之间所存在的/就无法被合理地观察到。