040. The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word “natural” to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized.
=The commission/ has directed advertisers/ to restrict the use of the word “natural”/ to foods that do not contain color or flavor additives, chemical
preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized.
#委员会/已经指导广告制作者/限制 natural 这个词的使用/对于(这样的)食物没有颜色和味道添加剂，化学防腐剂，或者任何合成的东西。
*此句比较容易理解，注意琢磨一些词，有些词认识就反映不认识就过去。
041. What brought the Ford Motor Company back from the verge of bankruptcy shortly after the Second World War was a special price increase that the government sanctioned during a period of wage and price controls.
=What brought the Ford Motor Company back/ from the verge of bankruptcy/ shortly after the Second World War/ was a special price increase/ that the government sanctioned/ during a period of wage and price controls.
#把 Ford Motor(福特汽车)公司拉回来的/从破产的边缘/在第二次世界大战刚刚结束后/是一次特殊的物价增长/由政府批准的/在一段时间工资和价格控制。
*这个句子读主要内容很简单，但读起来并不轻松，原因是有很多累赘，我们也只能去粗取精了。有些专有名词认识就反映不认识就过去，不影响我们对句子的理解。
041. The odds are about 4 to 1 against surviving a takeover offer, and many business consultants therefore advise that a company’s first line of defense in eluding such offers be to refuse even to take calls from likely corporate raiders.
=The odds are about 4 to 1/ against surviving a takeover offer/, and many business consultants therefore advise/ that a company’s first line of defense in eluding such offers/ be to refuse even to take calls from likely corporate raiders.
#比率是大约 4 比 1/反对保留接收提议/并且很多商业顾问因此建议/一个公司的第一道防线躲避这样的提议/是甚至拒绝接受邀请/从可能的公司掠夺者。
*此句很难理解，难点就在于多义词意项的选择，如：odds， against 等;短语的意思的确定，如：a takeover offer，a company’s first line of defense，take calls from 等; to 与前面的衔接，如：refuse even to take calls from，读完这个意思才能断句，不能只看前面的 to 而忘了后面的 to，这样才能正确理解句子的意思。
042. Japan used the huge sums of capital it received from the United States after the Second World War to help build a modern industrial system.
=Japan used the huge sums of capital/ it received from the United States/ after the Second World War/ to help build a modern industrial system.
#日本用大量的资金/从美国接受的/在二战后/去帮助建设一个现代化的工业系统。
*此句很简单，容易理解。注意多义词 capital 等的理解。像 the huge sums of 这样表示数量多少的短语，我们只要大概知道它是表示多还是少就行了。
043. Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880 that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop and enforce the principle that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”
=Although the Supreme Court ruled as long ago as 1880/ that Blacks could not be excluded outright from jury service/, nearly a century of case-by-case adjudication has been necessary to develop/ and enforce the principle/ that all juries must be drawn from “a fair cross section of the community.”
1880 年就规定/黑人不能被排除从陪审团服务中/，然而近一个世纪一个个案件的审判有必要发展/同时加强这个原则/所有的陪审团成员必须选出来从对于团体来说公平的部分中。
*此句比较难理解，不仅仅因为句子长，还因为很多法律术语拿不准，有些可以认识
就反映不认识就过去，有些则渗透文化内涵，如：a fair cross section of the community，其中 section 和 community 具体指的是什么恐怕只有问问老外才能知道，我们这里只能从字面理解它的意思。
044. Nowhere in Prakta is the influence of modern European architecture more apparent than in its government buildings.
=Nowhere in Prakta/ is the influence of modern European architecture/ more apparent/ than in its government buildings.
#在 Prakta/现代欧洲建筑的影响/明显的是/它的政府大楼。
*此句短小精悍，难点是 Nowhere…is more… than…意思是：没有什么地方比…更…，也就是说…是 …的。注意类似的句子，要反向理解。
045. Federal legislation establishing a fund for the cleanup of sites damaged by toxic chemicals permits compensating state governments for damage to their natural resources but does not allow claims for injury to people.
=Federal legislation establishing a fund/ for the cleanup of sites/ damaged by toxic chemicals/ permits compensating state governments /for damage to their natural
resources/ but does not allow claims for injury to people.
#联邦法律建立了一个资金/清理这些地点/被有毒化学物质损坏的/允许补偿州政府/为对他们自然资源的损害/但不允许索赔为个人伤害。
*这句话比较容易理解，for 用的较多，注意理解英文语序的中文。
046. The lawyer for the defense charged that she suspected the police of having illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client and then of using the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support their murder charges.
=The lawyer for the defense charged/ that she suspected the police/ of having illegally taped her confidential conversations with her client/ and then of using the information/ they had obtained/ to find evidence/ that would support their murder charges.
#辩护律师指控/她怀疑警察/非法录下了她和她客户的秘密谈话/并且用这些信息/他们获得的/去找到证据/支持他们的谋杀指控。
*这句话讲的是和法律有关的事，murder 的出现，令人毛骨悚然。但仔细琢磨意思并不难理解，注意 charge 这个多义词的理解，本句中 charge 出现了两次，词性也不一样。
047. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey.
=According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse/, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979/, twice the number reported in the 1977 survey.
#根据调查国家吸毒研究学会的/大约百分之二十的年轻人吸食可卡因在 1979 年/，这个数字翻番在 1977 年的调查中。
*这个句子很容易理解，像 the National Institute on Drug Abuse 的专有名词可以不管它，认识与否都不影响我们对句意的理解。