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An experiment conducted aboard Space Lab in 1983 was the first attempt to grow protein crystals in the low-gravity environment of space. That experiment is still cited as evidence that growing crystals in microgravity can increase crystal size: the authors reported that they grew lysozyme protein crystals 1,000 times larger than crystals grown in the same device on Earth. Unfortunately, the authors did not
point out that their crystals were no larger than the average crystal grown using other, more standard techniques in an Earth laboratory. No research has yet produced results that could justify the enormous costs of producing crystals on a large scale in space. To get an unbiased view of the usefulness of microgravity crystal growth, crystals grown in space must be compared with the best crystals that have been grown with standard techniques on Earth.(139 words)
1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would find the Space Lab experiment more impressive if which of the following were true?
(A) The results of the Space Lab experiment could be replicated in producing other kinds of crystals in addition to lysozyme protein.
(B) The device used in the experiment produced larger crystals on Earth than it did in space.
(C) The size of the crystals produced in the experiment exceeded the size of crystals grown in Earth laboratories using standard techniques.
(D)The cost of producing the crystals in space exceeded that of producing them using standard laboratory techniques.
(E) The standard techniques used in Earth laboratories were modified in the Space Lab experiment due to the effects of microgravity.
2.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the device used to grow crystals in the Space Lab experiment?
(A) The device is more expensive to manufacture than are the devices used in standard techniques in an Earth laboratory.
(B) The device has not been used to grow crystals in space since the Space Lab experiment of 1983.
(C) Crystals grown in the device on Earth tend to be much smaller than crystals grown in it in space.
(D) Crystals grown in the device in space have been exceeded in size by crystals grown in subsequent experiments in space using other devices.
(E) The experiments in which the device was used were conducted with proper controls.
An experimental version of the traditional scholarly methods course was designed to raise students' consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems drawn from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources. Instead, students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected
eighteenth-century writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work. Griffith's work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. The body of extant scholarship on Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in a day. In addition, because Griffith was
successful in the eighteenth century, her exclusion from the canon and virtual disappearance from literary history also helped raise issues concerning the current canon.(179 words)
3. The author of the passage suggests that which of the following is a disadvantage of the strategy employed in the experimental scholarly methods course?
(A) Students were not given an opportunity to study women writers outside the canon.
(B) Students' original work would not be appreciated by recognized scholars.
(C) Little scholarly work has been done on the work of Elizabeth Griffith.
(D) Most of the students in the course had had little opportunity to study eighteenth-century literature.
(E) Students were not given an opportunity to encounter certain sources of information that could prove useful in their future studies.
4. It can be inferred that the author of the passage considers traditional scholarly methods courses to be
(A) irrelevant to the work of most students
(B) inconsequential because of their narrow focus
(C) unconcerned about the accuracy of reference sources
(D) too superficial to establish important facts about authors
(E) too wide-ranging to approximate genuine scholarly activity
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