Passage 2
Coral reefs have fascinated scientists for almost 200 years, and some of the most pertinent observations of them were made in the 1830s by Charles Darwin on the voyage of the Beagle. He recognized that there were three major kinds: fringing reefs, barrier reefs, and atolls; and he saw that they were related to each other in a logical and gradational sequence. A fringing reef is one that lies close to the shore of some continent or island. Its surface forms an uneven and rather rough platform around the coast, about the level of low water, and its outer edge slopes downwards into the sea. Between the fringing reef and the land there is sometimes a small channel or lagoon. When the lagoon is wide and deep and the reef lies at some distance from the shore and rises from deep water it is called a barrier reef. An atoll is a reef in the form of a ring or horseshoe with a lagoon in the center.
5. According to paragraph 2, how did Charles Darwin contribute to the understanding of coral reefs? 【事实信息题】
A. He identified the main types of coral reef and explained how they were related.
B. He discovered the existence of coral reefs on a scientific voyage.
C. He proved that reefs are mostly located very close to the shore.
D. He saw the importance of reefs for the support of other marine life.
答案：A
解析：原文He recognized that there were three major kinds: …; and he saw that they were related to each other ...，说明达尔文识别三种珊瑚礁并且解释了他们的相关性，对应选项A中：He identified the main types of coral reef and explained how they were related。
6. The word “pertinent” in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A. extraordinary
B. relevant
C. intelligent
D. famous
答案：B
解析：pertinent, 相关的。B选项有关的，为同义替换，所以B选项正确。
7. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT characteristics of a barrier reef? 【否定事实信息题】
A. It is located away from the shore of the neighboring land.
B. It is separated from neighboring land by a wide channel.
C. It is located in deep ocean water.
D. It surrounds a small, central lagoon.
答案：D
解析：原文An atoll is a reef … with a lagoon in the center，说明中间有泻湖的是环礁，所以选项D不是堡礁的特点。
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