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托福阅读试题
1.According to paragraph 1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.?
A.Much less of it was desert than is now the case.
B.Most areas that are now grassland were covered by shallow lakes.
C.It had just undergone a major climatic change.
D.Wild oxen and antelopes lived in separate parts of the region.
2.The word "albeit" in the passage(paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to
A.usually.
B.almost.
C.though.
D.rather.
3.According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of all arid regions?
A.They include at least some freshwater lakes.
B.They have similar distributions of plants and animals.
C.They are greatly affected by changes in the amount of rain they receive.
D.They have frequent droughts that make it difficult to manage the wild resources.
4.Paragraph 2 supports which of the following ideas about wild oxen in the Sahara region after the drought took hold?
A.They traveled in smaller herds.
B.They were harder for hunters to capture.
C.They tended to be significantly smaller in size.
D.They moved along less predictable routes.
5.According to paragraph 2, what was it that brought cattle and humans into close association?
A.The development of smaller breeding units within hers.
B.Cattle and humans staying close to permanent water supplies for long period of time.
C.The development of greater discipline among cattle.
D.Cattle and humans constangly on the move searching for food and reliable water supplies.
6.Why does the author mention the "rock paintings deep in the Sahara"?
A.To help explain why the hunters wanted to control the herds.
B.To provide support for the idea that the herders soon gained genetic control of the cattle
C.To show that the herders had artistic as well as practical abilities
D.To argue that the herders soon began to value their cattle for more than food.
7.According to paragraph 3, all of the following statements were true of newly domesticated animals EXCEPT
A.They were controlled more easily by the farmers.
B.They produced a larger number of offspring.
C.They produce more milk.
D.They were larger in size.
8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage paragraph 4 ? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A.Regardless of where the first tamed herds came from, people tried to control them by living in juxtaposition with them.
B.Regardless of where the first tamed herds came from, they resulted from the same process of juxtaposition and control by people who understood the behavior of wild cattle.
C.People who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle moved closer together to cooperate in taming the herd, regardless of where they found them.
D.The process of taming herds was certainly the same in southwest Asia, northern Africa, and Europe because people knew a lot about the behavior of wild cattle, regardless of where they lived.
9.According to paragraph 5, each of the following was true about the early Saharan people EXCEPT
A.They had few possessions apart from cattle.
B.After about 5,000 B.C., they lived primarily in caves that were located deep in the desert.
C.Between the summer and winter seasons, they moved their herds over long distances.
D.They painted animals and scenes of daily life on the walls of caves.
10.The word "endeavors" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.methods.
B.styles.
C.scenes.
D.efforts.
11.The word "deteriorated" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.became unstable.
B.caused hardship.
C.changed completely.
D.got worse.
12.According to paragraph 6, what allowed the herders to shift south into the savanna regions after about 3,500 B.C.?
A.They could easily grow Mediterranean crops in those regions.
B.They could more easily domesticated sorghum and millet in those regions.
C.The tsetse fly was no longer a problem in those regions.
D.The river systems in those regions provided reliable sources of water in the summer.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? This knowledge enabled the hunters to adopt a different approach to hunting.
Smith believes that the hunters were well aware of the more disciplined ways in which their prey behaved. ■【A】Instead of following the cattle on their annual migrations, the hunters began to prevent the herd from moving from one spot to another. ■【B】At first, they controlled the movement of the herd whileensuring continuance of their meat diet. ■【C】But soon they also gained genetic control of the animals, which led to rapid physical changes in the herd. ■【D】South African farmers who maintain herds of wild eland (large African antelopes withshort, twisted horns) report that the offspring soon diminish in size, unless wild bulls are introduced constantly from outside. The same effects of inbreeding may have occurred in controlled cattle populations, with some additional, and perhaps unrecognized, advantages. The newly domesticated animals behaved better, were easier to control, and may have enjoyed a higher birth rate, which in turn yielded greater milk supplies. We know from rock paintings deepin the Sahara that the herders were soon selecting breeding animals to produce offspring with different horn shapes and hide colors.
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
As recently as 6,000 B.C., much ofthe Sahara region was semiarid grassland where humans hunted wild oxen andantelope.
A.There was enough freshwater for Saharan peoples to move freely throughout the region without having to manage the resources they hunted and gathered.
B.Once Saharans controlled the breeding of their cattle, the characteristics of the cattle changed rapidly, increasing their reproductive rate and milk production.
C.Although the Saharan peoples were remarkably sophisticated artists, they had only a few simple possessions, like adzes and the bows and arrows they used for hunting.
D.When the drying climate forced cattle and humans close to each other in areas with water supplies, humans gained control over the cattle and eventually domesticated them.
E.Herders soon began selecting breeding animals to produce offspring with different horn shapes and hide colors, although the advantage of controlled inbreeding were not apparent to them at first.
F.As the drought worsened around 3,500 B.C. and conditions for herders became more favorable to the south, the Saharan people moved into savanna regions, where they grew different crops.
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