1. The word "minute" in the passage is closest in meaning to
O light
O common
O tiny
O simple
Paragraph 1 is marked with ►
答案：
C选项正确
解析：
本题在文中对应的句子是Phytoplankton are minute, free-floating aquatic plants. 意思是Phytoplankon是一种小小的自由漂浮的水生生物。minute的意思是微小的，选项A是轻的，选项B是普通常见的，选项C是小的，选项D是简单的。C最符合。
2. According to paragraph 2, one reason temperature is not likely to be the sole cause of seasonal succession in phytoplankton is
O the temperature of seawater changes too often.
O seasonal succession usually occurs only in temperate seas.
O the rate of replacement of dominant species is slower than that of temperature change.
O certain dominant species have been observed at different temperatures.
Paragraph 2 is marked with ►
答案：
D选项正确
解析：
本题根据关键词the sole cause定位到这一句话：This may be one of the factors, but it is unlikely to be the sole cause because there are species that become dominant species at various temperatures. because后面就是原因：在不同的温度下都会有物种成为优势物种。意思与选项D契合。选项A说海水温度变化太频繁，选项B说季节性的更替只在温和的海里进行，选项C说优势物种的更替速率比温度变化的速率快，这三个都是无中生有。选择D。
3. The word "differing" in the passage is closest in meaning to
O increasing
O necessary
O varying
O high
Paragraph 3 is marked with ►
答案：
C选项正确
解析：
本题在文中对应的句子是Another suggested reason is the change in nutrient level over the year, with differing concentrations favoring different phytoplankton species. 另一个原因是营养水平在一年里是变化的，不同的营养物质的集中会导致不同浮游生物的爆发。differing在这里的意识是不同的，选项A是增长的，选项B是必须的，选项C是变化的，选项D是高的。选项C最合适。
4. Why does the author provide the information that "phytoplankton populations rise and fall much more quickly than nutrient concentrations change"?
O To argue that the nutrient level not determine phytoplankton succession.
O To argue that the succession of phytoplankton is actually the cause of changes in the nutrient level.
O To indicate that phytoplankton populations are very sensitive to changes in the nutrient level.
O To imply that changes in the nutrient level explain the succession of phytoplankton.
Paragraph 3 is marked with ►
答案：
A选项正确
解析：
本题需要定位到第三段，总体上看，第三段先是说了另一个猜测，即营养水平的变化决定了优势浮游生物的种类，后面接着while转折说还有一个因素可能是有用的，那就是浮游生物数量的变化是快于营养的变化的，对于前一个原因提出了质疑。选项A说是想说明营养水平并不决定浮游生物的更替，是对的。选项B说想证明的确是营养物质决定浮游生物的更替，选项C是说浮游生物对于营养水平很敏感，选项D是说营养水平的变化解释了浮游生物的更替，都不对。
5. According to paragraph 4, all of the following are true about metabolites secreted by phytoplankton EXCEPT
O They have a less significant effect on the dominant species of phytoplankton than they do on other species of phytoplankton.
O They affect the growth of phytoplankton living in seawater.
O They are secreted in small amounts by individual phytoplankton.
O They cause changes in seawater that result in species succession of phytoplankton.
Paragraph 4 is marked with ►
答案：
A选项正确
解析：
本题需要看第四段。第四段主要讲了另一个对于浮游生物更替的解释：一种生物自己影响海水，进而影响自己的生存。每一种浮游生物都会分泌有机分子，影响水里有机物的生长。如果浮游生物数量少的话，这种物质的分泌也是少的，影响也小;但是一旦他们数量变多，这种分泌物的影响就会变大。B，C，D都在这一段中被提到过，只有选项A说那些分泌的物质对浮游生物自己的影响小，对别的物种影响大，这在原文中没有提到，选A。
6. According to paragraph 5, all of the following statements are true about dinoflagellates EXCEPT
O They produce toxins that inhibit the growth of other organisms.
O Each produces a very little amount of toxin.
O Their toxins can concentrate in clams and mussels.
O Their toxins are dangerous only to other photosynthetic organisms.
Paragraph 5 is marked with ►
答案：
D选项正确
解析：
本题需要回到第五段。选项A对应which inhibit growth of other photosynthetic organisms，正确;选项B对应Although each cell secretes a minute amount of toxin，正确;选项C对应This toxin can be concentrated in such filter-feeding organisms as clams and mussels,正确。选项D没有提到，错误。选择D。
7. The word "massive" in the passage is closest in meaning to
O enormous
O total
O observed
O increasing
Paragraph 5 is marked with ►
答案：
A选项正确
解析：
本题所考单词massive在原文中对应Although each cell secretes a minute amount of toxin, the massive dinoflagellate numbers cause the toxin to reach concentrations that kill many creatures. 这一句大意是：尽管单个细胞分泌的毒物很少，但是很多细胞汇集起来，分析的毒物就可以杀死别的生物了。此处massive意为大量的。选项A意为巨大的，选项B意为全部的，选项C意为观察到的，选项D意为增长的。选项A最符合。
8. The word "considerable" in the passage is closest in meaning to
O often
O a few
O basic
O significant
Paragraph 6 is marked with ►
答案：
D选项正确
解析：
本题所考单词considerable在原文中对应句子为It is now known that certain phytoplankton species have requirements for certain vitamins, and that there are considerable differences among species as to requirements. 这句大意为某几种浮游生物需要特定的维他命，不同种类的浮游生物彼此间需要的维他命种类有很大不同。此处considerable意为巨大的。选项A经常，选项B几个，选项C基本的，选项D重要的，巨大的，选则D。
9. Paragraph 6 supports which of the following statements about a phytoplankton species that cannot produce thiamine?
O It can be followed in a seasonal succession only by another phytoplankton species that cannot produce thiamine.
O It can never become the dominant species in a seasonal succession.
O It can be preceded in a seasonal succession only by a phytoplankton species that produces thiamine.
O It is able to produce B vitamins other than thiamine.
Paragraph 6 is marked with ►
答案：
C选项正确
解析：
本题需要看第六段。第六段大致讲了这样一件事情：有的物种在没有某些特定维他命的时候是不能存活的，所以出现了这样一种现象，先出现一种可以生产特定维他命的物种，然后其他一种需要这些维他命的物种跟着产生。题目问一种不能自己生产thiamine的浮游生物会发生什么。选项A说它只能紧跟另一种也不能产生thiamine的物种产生，错;选项B说它永远不能成为优势物种，错;选项C说它可以紧跟产生thiamine的物种产生，对;选项D说它可以自己生产维生素B，跟本段所说没关系。选项C正确。
10. The copepods mentioned in paragraph 8 are
O one type of phytoplankton
O stationary animals
O selective grazers
O invertebrate larva
Paragraph 8 is marked with ►
答案：
C选项正确
解析：
本题涉及到原文第八段。第八段主要讲了有一些食草动物也会影响浮游生物的组成，举了copepods作为例子，说它和invertebrate larvae会从各种浮游生物里挑出某几种吃掉。选项A是一种浮游生物，选项B是不会动的动物，选项C是有选择性的草食者，选项D是invertebrate larvae。选项C符合原文意思。
11. The word "simultaneously" in the passage is closest in meaning to
O without limits
O at the same time
O merely
O spontaneously
Paragraph 9 is marked with ►
答案：
B选项正确
解析：
本题所考单词simultaneously 对应到原文中这一句：A growing body of evidence now suggests that all of the factors considered here are operating simultaneously to produce species succession. 这一句大意为：越来越多的证据表明这些因素是一起影响物种更替的。simultaneously意为同时的，一起的，选项A是无限制的，选项B是同时，选项C是仅仅，选项D是自发的。选项B最接近原意。
12. Which of the following statements best describes how the passage is organized?
O A description of a phenomenon is provided, forward hypotheses as to the phenomenon's cause.
O Two phenomena are introduced, and the rest of the passage provides reasons as to why the first is more common than the second.
O A group of species is discussed, and the rest of the passage explains the environmental factors threatening it.
O A phenomenon is described, and the rest of the passage discusses effects of that phenomenon on the environment.
答案：
A选项正确
解析：
本题问文章的组织结构。需要我们总览全文来分析。这种情况下为了节省时间，我们可以只看每段第一句来抓出结构。本文第一段介绍了phytoplankton的季节性更替，第二段开头提问更替的原因，从第二段开始，作者开始一一列举各种推测。本文总体上是一个总分的结构。选项A是说先给一个现象，接着提出各种假设，正确;选项B是说介绍了两种现象，后文则说明为什么第一个现象比第二个常见;选项C是说介绍了危及到一些物种的因素;选项D说先说一种现象，后文介绍其影响。B，C，D都不正确。
13. Look at the four squares [█]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In fact, seasonal succession has been observed all over the globe, from the Arctic to the Tropics.
where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ █ ] to insert the sentence in the passage.
Phytoplankton are minute, free-floating aquatic plants In addition to the marked changes in abundance observed in phytoplankton over the course of a year, there is also a marked change in species composition. █This change in the dominant species from season to season is called seasonal succession, and it occurs m a wide variety of locations. █Under seasonal succession, one or more species dominate the phytoplankton for a shorter or longer period of time and then are replaced by another set of species. █This pattern is repeated yearly. █This succession is different from typical terrestrial ecological succession in which various plants replace one another until finally a so-called climax community develops, which persists for many years.
答案：
B选项正确
解析：
先分析一下需要插入的句子：In fact, seasonal succession has been observed all over the globe, from the Arctic to the Tropics. 实际上，季节性更替在全球都可以被观察到，从北极到热带。本句开头的in fact需要我们注意，这说明它不是第一次提到这个概念，它的前面肯定提到过季节性更替。再一一看可以插入的位置，发现B位置可以。B位置前面一句提到了季节性更替的广泛性，后一句进一步细说季节性更替里都会发生什么，插入到这个位置的话可以形成先总体介绍再细致介绍的逻辑关系，是合适的。选择B。
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in summary because the express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. The Question is worth 2 points
As human societies in the pre-Neolithic period shifted from nomadic to sedentary lifestyles, their organization became more complex and hierarchical.
Answers Choices
A. At any given place and time a particular group of phytoplankton species dominates, but the group that has dominance changes in a pattern of seasonal succession that is repeated on an annual basis.
B. Organic chemicals released by the dominant phytoplankton species, including toxins and vitamins, may influence successions by inhibiting or promoting the populations of other phytoplankton species.
C. Certain species of phytoplankion release concentrated toxins that can kill other species of phytoplankton.
D. The seasonal succession among phytoplankton populations are influenced by a number of factors including water temperature, nutrient levels, and the activities of selective grazers.
E. Seasonal succession, unlike terrestrial ecological succession, results in a climax community, which can last indefinitely provided the right environmental conditions persist.
F. Laboratory experiments have shown that, in temperate seas, temperature is the primary factor in phytoplankton species composition.
Drag your answer choices to the space where they belong. To remove an answer choice, double click on it.
答案：
ABD选项正确
解析：
本题需要一一分析每个选项。选项A说任何时间任何地点都会有优势的浮游生物物种，但是占优势地位的物种种类是不断变化，以某种规律重复的，概括了第一段的内容，正确;选项B是说优势物种分泌的物质会影响其他物种的数量，概括了第四段的内容，正确;选项C说某种物种会释放出浓缩的毒物，杀死别的东西，原文里没有提到，错误;选项D是说物种更替受温度、营养物质和食草动物的影响，分别对应了原文中的三个假设，是概括的，正确;选项E原文中根本就没有出现，不选;选项F说实验室实验说明，温度是影响浮游生物组成的主要因素，原文中并没有下这个论断，不选。本题选择A，B，D。
以上就是小编为同学们整理的托福tpo35阅读加分析,托福备考的过程旅程是比较艰辛的，大家一定要平时多加练习，小编会每天为托福考生更新最新消息，关注相信你们每天都会收获的更多!